Asenapine

Identification

Summary

Asenapine is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat patients with bipolar I disorder and patients with schizophrenia.

Brand Names
Saphris, Secuado, Sycrest
Generic Name
Asenapine
DrugBank Accession Number
DB06216
Background

Developed by Schering-Plough after its merger with Organon International, asenapine is a sublingually administered, atypical antipsychotic for treatment of schizophrenia and acute mania associated with bipolar disorder. Asenapine also belongs to the dibenzo-oxepino pyrrole class. It is also for severe post-traumatic stress disorder nightmares in soldiers as an off-label use. FDA approved on August 13, 2009.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 285.77
Monoisotopic: 285.0920418
Chemical Formula
C17H16ClNO
Synonyms
  • Asenapina
  • Asenapine
External IDs
  • ORG-5222

Pharmacology

Indication

Used for treatment in psychosis, schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, manic disorders, and bipolar disorders as monotherapy or in combination.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Management ofBipolar 1 disorder•••••••••••••••••
Adjunct therapy in management ofBipolar 1 disorder•••••••••••••••••
Adjunct therapy in management ofBipolar 1 disorder•••••••••••••••••
Management ofSchizophrenia•••••••••••••••••
Management ofAcute manic episode••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Asenapine is a serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, and histamine antagonist in which asenapine possess more potent activity with serotonin receptors than dopamine. Sedation in patients is associated with asenapine's antagonist activity at histamine receptors. Its lower incidence of extrapyramidal effects are associated with the upregulation of D1 receptors. This upregulation occurs due to asenapine's dose-dependent effects on glutamate transmission in the brain. It does not have any significant activity with muscarinic, cholinergic receptors therefore symptoms associated with anticholinergic drug activity like dry mouth or constipation are not expected to be observed. Asenapine has a higher affinity for all aforementioned receptors compared to first-generation and second-generation antipsychotics except for 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors.

Mechanism of action

Asenapine is an atypical antipsychotic multireceptor neuroleptic drug which shows strong 5HT2A (serotonin) and D2 (dopamine) receptor antagonism, which has been shown to enhance dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (Ach) efflux in rat brains. Asenapine may improve cognitive function and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

TargetActionsOrganism
A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
antagonist
Humans
ADopamine D2 receptor
antagonist
Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
antagonist
Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B
antagonist
Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B
antagonist
Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
antagonist
Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A
antagonist
Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6
antagonist
Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7
antagonist
Humans
UDopamine D3 receptor
antagonist
Humans
UDopamine D4 receptor
antagonist
Humans
UDopamine D1 receptor
antagonist
Humans
UAlpha-1A adrenergic receptor
antagonist
Humans
UAlpha-2A adrenergic receptor
antagonist
Humans
UAlpha-2B adrenergic receptor
antagonist
Humans
UAlpha-2C adrenergic receptor
antagonist
Humans
UHistamine H1 receptor
antagonist
Humans
UHistamine H2 receptor
antagonist
Humans
UBeta-1 adrenergic receptor
antagonist
Humans
UBeta-2 adrenergic receptor
antagonist
Humans
Absorption

Cmax, single 5 mg dose = 4 ng/mL (within 1 hour); Bioavailability, sublingual administration = 35%; Bioavailability, oral administration (swallowed) = <2%; Time to steady state, 5 mg = 3 days; Peak plasma concentration occurs within 0.5 to 1.5 hours. Doubling dose of asenapine results in 1.7-fold increase in maximum concentration and exposure. Drinking water within 2-5 minutes post administration of asenapine results in a decrease in exposure.

Volume of distribution

20-25 L/kg

Protein binding

95% protein bound

Metabolism

Asenapine is oxidized via CYP1A2 and undergoes direct glucuronidation via UGT1A4. Oxidation via CYP1A2 is asenapine's primary mode of metabolism.

Route of elimination

Urine (50%) and feces (50%)

Half-life

24 hours (range of 13.4 - 39.2 hours)

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Asenapine is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Asenapine can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Asenapine can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbirateroneThe serum concentration of Asenapine can be increased when it is combined with Abiraterone.
AcarboseThe therapeutic efficacy of Acarbose can be decreased when used in combination with Asenapine.
Food Interactions
  • Take separate from meals. Do not have food or water for 10 minutes after administration.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Asenapine maleateCU9463U2E285650-56-2GMDCDXMAFMEDAG-BTJKTKAUSA-N
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
SaphrisTablet10 mg/1SublingualOrganon2010-06-21Not applicableUS flag
SaphrisTablet10 mg/1SublingualStat Rx USA2009-08-14Not applicableUS flag
SaphrisTablet10 mg/1SublingualAllergan, Inc.2013-09-30Not applicableUS flag
SaphrisTablet10 mg/1SublingualForest Laboratories, Inc.2013-09-302015-01-01US flag
SaphrisTablet10 mg/1SublingualOrganon2009-08-13Not applicableUS flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
AsenapineTablet10 mg/1SublingualAlembic Pharmaceuticals Inc.2020-12-10Not applicableUS flag
AsenapineTablet10 mg/1SublingualMsn Laboratories Private Limited2021-08-27Not applicableUS flag
AsenapineTablet5 mg/1SublingualBreckenridge Pharmaceutical, Inc.2021-03-08Not applicableUS flag
AsenapineTablet5 mg/1SublingualAlembic Pharmaceuticals Limited2020-12-10Not applicableUS flag
AsenapineTablet2.5 mg/1SublingualGreenstone LLC2020-05-01Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
N05AH05 — Asenapine
Drug Categories
Classification
Not classified
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
JKZ19V908O
CAS number
65576-45-6
InChI Key
VSWBSWWIRNCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C17H16ClNO/c1-19-9-14-12-4-2-3-5-16(12)20-17-7-6-11(18)8-13(17)15(14)10-19/h2-8,14-15H,9-10H2,1H3
IUPAC Name
9-chloro-4-methyl-13-oxa-4-azatetracyclo[12.4.0.0^{2,6}.0^{7,12}]octadeca-1(14),7,9,11,15,17-hexaene
SMILES
CN1CC2C(C1)C1=C(OC3=CC=C(Cl)C=C23)C=CC=C1

References

Synthesis Reference
US4145434
General References
  1. Huang M, Li Z, Dai J, Shahid M, Wong EH, Meltzer HY: Asenapine increases dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine efflux in the rat medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Nov;33(12):2934-45. doi: 10.1038/npp.2008.20. Epub 2008 Apr 16. [Article]
  2. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
  3. Franberg O, Wiker C, Marcus MM, Konradsson A, Jardemark K, Schilstrom B, Shahid M, Wong EH, Svensson TH: Asenapine, a novel psychopharmacologic agent: preclinical evidence for clinical effects in schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008 Feb;196(3):417-29. Epub 2007 Oct 17. [Article]
  4. Fagiolini A, Forgione RN, Morana B, Maccari M, Goracci A, Bossini L, Pellegrini F, Cuomo A, Casamassima F: Asenapine for the treatment of manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder: from clinical research to clinical practice. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Mar;14(4):489-504. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.765859. Epub 2013 Jan 29. [Article]
KEGG Drug
D02995
PubChem Compound
11954293
PubChem Substance
175427062
ChemSpider
8079624
RxNav
784649
ChEBI
71255
ChEMBL
CHEMBL3187365
ZINC
ZINC000000002299
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Asenapine
FDA label
Download (448 KB)
MSDS
Download (91.9 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentAgitation1
4CompletedTreatmentBipolar Disorder (BD)1
4CompletedTreatmentMajor Depressive Disorder Without Psychotic Features1
4CompletedTreatmentPost Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)1
4CompletedTreatmentPsychosis1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
TabletSublingual10 mg/1
TabletSublingual10 mg
TabletSublingual2.5 mg/1
TabletSublingual5 mg/1
TabletSublingual5 mg
Film, extended releaseTransdermal3.8 mg/1d
Film, extended releaseTransdermal5.7 mg/1d
Film, extended releaseTransdermal7.6 mg/1d
TabletOral; Sublingual10 MG
TabletOral; Sublingual5 MG
TabletSublingual
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US5763476Yes1998-06-092020-12-09US flag
US7741358Yes2010-06-222026-10-06US flag
US8022228Yes2011-09-202026-10-06US flag
US9687474No2017-06-272033-07-25US flag
US10022445No2018-07-172033-07-25US flag
US10583121No2020-03-102033-07-25US flag
US10814002No2020-10-272033-07-25US flag
US11123305No2021-09-212033-07-25US flag
US11813364No2013-09-222033-09-22US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0312 mg/mLALOGPS
logP4.35ALOGPS
logP3.72Chemaxon
logS-4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)7.29Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area12.47 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count0Chemaxon
Refractivity81.65 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability30.83 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9849
Blood Brain Barrier+0.8842
Caco-2 permeable+0.5605
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.7617
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.9375
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.8901
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.7054
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7964
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.7864
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.5065
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.5212
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7185
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.6781
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.5762
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8625
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.6005
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.5417
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8694
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9894
Rat acute toxicity2.7083 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.8125
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.6697
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0090000000-5cb7ae2b4edadb8d5e57
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0090000000-589937d1a19638202732
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0090000000-5c7fe85415f19de486e7
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-2090000000-0b033b3fd8573448d068
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0pdi-4590000000-f329c099e7bdc536b3ca
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-003r-6190000000-5837be92b14639acba51
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Virus receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodop...
Gene Name
HTR2A
Uniprot ID
P28223
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
Molecular Weight
52602.58 Da
References
  1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
  2. Citrome L: Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:325-39. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S16077. Epub 2011 May 26. [Article]
  3. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Potassium channel regulator activity
Specific Function
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name
DRD2
Uniprot ID
P14416
Uniprot Name
D(2) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight
50618.91 Da
References
  1. Citrome L: Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:325-39. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S16077. Epub 2011 May 26. [Article]
  2. Tadori Y, Forbes RA, McQuade RD, Kikuchi T: Functional potencies of dopamine agonists and antagonists at human dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011 Sep;666(1-3):43-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.050. Epub 2011 Jun 1. [Article]
  3. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers...
Gene Name
HTR1A
Uniprot ID
P08908
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
Molecular Weight
46106.335 Da
References
  1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
  2. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive subst...
Gene Name
HTR1B
Uniprot ID
P28222
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B
Molecular Weight
43567.535 Da
References
  1. Citrome L: Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:325-39. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S16077. Epub 2011 May 26. [Article]
  2. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various ergot alkaloid derivatives and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation...
Gene Name
HTR2B
Uniprot ID
P41595
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B
Molecular Weight
54297.41 Da
References
  1. Citrome L: Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:325-39. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S16077. Epub 2011 May 26. [Article]
  2. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-...
Gene Name
HTR2C
Uniprot ID
P28335
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
Molecular Weight
51820.705 Da
References
  1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
  2. Citrome L: Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:325-39. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S16077. Epub 2011 May 26. [Article]
  3. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor ...
Gene Name
HTR5A
Uniprot ID
P47898
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A
Molecular Weight
40254.69 Da
References
  1. Citrome L: Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:325-39. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S16077. Epub 2011 May 26. [Article]
  2. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor ...
Gene Name
HTR6
Uniprot ID
P50406
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6
Molecular Weight
46953.625 Da
References
  1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
  2. Citrome L: Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:325-39. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S16077. Epub 2011 May 26. [Article]
  3. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor ...
Gene Name
HTR7
Uniprot ID
P34969
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7
Molecular Weight
53554.43 Da
References
  1. Citrome L: Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:325-39. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S16077. Epub 2011 May 26. [Article]
  2. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Promotes cell proliferation.
Gene Name
DRD3
Uniprot ID
P35462
Uniprot Name
D(3) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight
44224.335 Da
References
  1. Citrome L: Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:325-39. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S16077. Epub 2011 May 26. [Article]
  2. Tadori Y, Forbes RA, McQuade RD, Kikuchi T: Functional potencies of dopamine agonists and antagonists at human dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011 Sep;666(1-3):43-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.050. Epub 2011 Jun 1. [Article]
  3. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Sh3 domain binding
Specific Function
Dopamine receptor responsible for neuronal signaling in the mesolimbic system of the brain, an area of the brain that regulates emotion and complex behavior. Its activity is mediated by G proteins ...
Gene Name
DRD4
Uniprot ID
P21917
Uniprot Name
D(4) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight
48359.86 Da
References
  1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
  2. Citrome L: Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:325-39. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S16077. Epub 2011 May 26. [Article]
  3. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name
DRD1
Uniprot ID
P21728
Uniprot Name
D(1A) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight
49292.765 Da
References
  1. Citrome L: Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:325-39. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S16077. Epub 2011 May 26. [Article]
  2. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Protein heterodimerization activity
Specific Function
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) prot...
Gene Name
ADRA1A
Uniprot ID
P35348
Uniprot Name
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
51486.005 Da
References
  1. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Thioesterase binding
Specific Function
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazo...
Gene Name
ADRA2A
Uniprot ID
P08913
Uniprot Name
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
48956.275 Da
References
  1. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Epinephrine binding
Specific Function
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is clonidine...
Gene Name
ADRA2B
Uniprot ID
P18089
Uniprot Name
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
49565.8 Da
References
  1. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins.
Gene Name
ADRA2C
Uniprot ID
P18825
Uniprot Name
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
49521.585 Da
References
  1. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Histamine receptor activity
Specific Function
In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamin...
Gene Name
HRH1
Uniprot ID
P35367
Uniprot Name
Histamine H1 receptor
Molecular Weight
55783.61 Da
References
  1. Citrome L: Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:325-39. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S16077. Epub 2011 May 26. [Article]
  2. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Histamine receptor activity
Specific Function
The H2 subclass of histamine receptors mediates gastric acid secretion. Also appears to regulate gastrointestinal motility and intestinal secretion. Possible role in regulating cell growth and diff...
Gene Name
HRH2
Uniprot ID
P25021
Uniprot Name
Histamine H2 receptor
Molecular Weight
40097.65 Da
References
  1. Citrome L: Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:325-39. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S16077. Epub 2011 May 26. [Article]
  2. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Receptor signaling protein activity
Specific Function
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately e...
Gene Name
ADRB1
Uniprot ID
P08588
Uniprot Name
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
51322.1 Da
References
  1. Fagiolini A, Forgione RN, Morana B, Maccari M, Goracci A, Bossini L, Pellegrini F, Cuomo A, Casamassima F: Asenapine for the treatment of manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder: from clinical research to clinical practice. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Mar;14(4):489-504. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.765859. Epub 2013 Jan 29. [Article]
  2. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately ...
Gene Name
ADRB2
Uniprot ID
P07550
Uniprot Name
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
46458.32 Da
References
  1. Fagiolini A, Forgione RN, Morana B, Maccari M, Goracci A, Bossini L, Pellegrini F, Cuomo A, Casamassima F: Asenapine for the treatment of manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder: from clinical research to clinical practice. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Mar;14(4):489-504. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.765859. Epub 2013 Jan 29. [Article]
  2. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH: Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan;23(1):65-73. doi: 10.1177/0269881107082944. Epub 2008 Feb 28. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the...
Gene Name
UGT1A4
Uniprot ID
P22310
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4
Molecular Weight
60024.535 Da
References
  1. Fagiolini A, Forgione RN, Morana B, Maccari M, Goracci A, Bossini L, Pellegrini F, Cuomo A, Casamassima F: Asenapine for the treatment of manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder: from clinical research to clinical practice. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Mar;14(4):489-504. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.765859. Epub 2013 Jan 29. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID
P05177
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight
58293.76 Da
References
  1. Citrome L: Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:325-39. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S16077. Epub 2011 May 26. [Article]
  2. Citrome L: Asenapine review, part I: chemistry, receptor affinity profile, pharmacokinetics and metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2014 Jun;10(6):893-903. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2014.908185. Epub 2014 May 3. [Article]
  3. Asenapine FDA label [File]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Citrome L: Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:325-39. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S16077. Epub 2011 May 26. [Article]
  2. Citrome L: Asenapine review, part I: chemistry, receptor affinity profile, pharmacokinetics and metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2014 Jun;10(6):893-903. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2014.908185. Epub 2014 May 3. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Fagiolini A, Forgione RN, Morana B, Maccari M, Goracci A, Bossini L, Pellegrini F, Cuomo A, Casamassima F: Asenapine for the treatment of manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder: from clinical research to clinical practice. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Mar;14(4):489-504. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.765859. Epub 2013 Jan 29. [Article]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Binder
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Binder
General Function
Not Available
Specific Function
Functions as transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Also binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and availability in...

Components:

Drug created at March 19, 2008 16:17 / Updated at January 02, 2024 23:48