Development of tacrine-bifendate conjugates with improved cholinesterase inhibitory and pro-cognitive efficacy and reduced hepatotoxicity

Eur J Med Chem. 2018 Jan 20:144:128-136. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.005. Epub 2017 Dec 5.

Abstract

A novel series of tacrine-bifendate (THA-DDB) conjugates (7a-e) were synthesized and evaluated as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents. These compounds showed potent cholinesterase and self-induced β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation inhibitory activities. A Lineweaver-Burk plot and molecular modeling study showed that these compounds can target both catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The cytotoxicity of the conjugate 7d against PC12 and HepG2 cells and hepatotoxicity against human hepatocyte cell line (HL-7702) were found to be considerably less compared to THA. Moreover, treatment with 7d did not exhibit significant hepatotoxicity in mice. Finally, in vivo studies confirmed that 7d significantly ameliorates the cognitive performances of scopolamine-treated ICR mice. Therefore, 7d has high potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and warrants further investigation.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Bifendate; Cholinesterase; Hepatoprotective; Tacrine.

MeSH terms

  • Acetylcholinesterase / metabolism
  • Alzheimer Disease / drug therapy
  • Alzheimer Disease / pathology
  • Animals
  • Biphenyl Compounds / chemistry*
  • Biphenyl Compounds / pharmacology*
  • Biphenyl Compounds / toxicity
  • Cell Line
  • Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / etiology
  • Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / pathology
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / chemistry*
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / toxicity
  • Cholinesterases / metabolism
  • Cognition / drug effects*
  • Drug Design
  • Hep G2 Cells
  • Humans
  • Liver / drug effects
  • Liver / pathology
  • Male
  • Mice, Inbred ICR
  • PC12 Cells
  • Rats
  • Tacrine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Tacrine / pharmacology*
  • Tacrine / toxicity

Substances

  • Biphenyl Compounds
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • bifendate
  • Tacrine
  • Acetylcholinesterase
  • Cholinesterases