Discovery of a Gut-Restricted JAK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

J Med Chem. 2020 Mar 26;63(6):2915-2929. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01439. Epub 2020 Mar 16.

Abstract

To identify Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors that selectively target gastrointestinal tissues with limited systemic exposures, a class of imidazopyrrolopyridines with a range of physical properties was prepared and evaluated. We identified compounds with low intrinsic permeability and determined a correlation between permeability and physicochemical properties, clogP and tPSA, for a subset of compounds. This low intrinsic permeability translated into compounds displaying high colonic exposure and low systemic exposure after oral dosing at 25 mg/kg in mouse. In a mouse PK/PD model, oral dosing of lead compound 2 demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of pSTAT phosphorylation in colonic explants post-oral dose but low systemic exposure and no measurable systemic pharmacodynamic activity. We thus demonstrate the utility of JAK inhibitors with low intrinsic permeability as a feasible approach to develop gut-restricted, pharmacologically active molecules with a potential advantage over systemically available compounds that are limited by systemic on-target adverse events.

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Animals
  • Dogs
  • Drug Discovery
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / drug therapy*
  • Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / metabolism
  • Janus Kinase Inhibitors / administration & dosage
  • Janus Kinase Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Janus Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacokinetics*
  • Janus Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Janus Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Janus Kinases / metabolism
  • Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Permeability
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • Pyridines / administration & dosage
  • Pyridines / chemistry
  • Pyridines / pharmacokinetics*
  • Pyridines / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Janus Kinase Inhibitors
  • Pyridines
  • Janus Kinases