Query String: BACITRACIN
Bacitracin zinc Bacitracin zinc salt cid_16219032 Bacitracin BDBM80762 MLS002207255 SMR001306784
E700 Baciferm 50 Baciguent CHEBI:35862 Baci-Rx BDBM50458054 Baciim Bacitracin Albac 50
- Human NK3 Receptor Binding Assay CHO cells expressing hNK3 receptor were cultured in a MEMalpha medium (Nikken Seibutsu Igaku Kenkyusho, K.K.) containing 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 ug/mL streptomycin and 10% inactivated dialyzed serum. The medium was removed, the adhered cells were washed with PBS, and PBS containing 5 mM EDTA was added to detach the cells from the flask. The cells were collected by centrifugation, suspended in suspension buffer A (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) containing 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 ug/mL chymostatin, 40 ug/mL bacitracin, 40 ug/mL APMSF, 1 mM EDTA), disrupted by a Polytron homogenizer (Kinematika), and centrifuged at 800xg for 10 min. The supernatant was recovered and ultracentrifuged at 100,000xg for 25 min. The precipitation fraction was suspended in suspension buffer B (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 0.02% bovine serum albumin, 2 ug/mL chymostatin, 40 ug/mL bacitracin, 40 ug/mL APMSF, 3 mM MnCl2), and cryopreserved (-80° C.) as a receptor reference standard. Measurement buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 0.02% bovine serum albumin, 2 ug/mL chymostatin, 40 ug/mL bacitracin, 40 ug/mL APMSF, 3 mM MnCl2) (50 uL) was added to a 96-well microassay plate. The membrane reference standard (300 ug/mL) suspended in a measurement buffer was added by 50 uL. A measurement buffer containing 2% dimethyl sulfoxide was added by 50 uL to examine the total binding level, 16 uM non-labeled NK-B (PEPTIDE INSTITUTE, INC.) solution diluted with a measurement buffer containing 2% dimethyl sulfoxide was added by 50 uL to examine the non-specific binding level, and a test compound diluted with a measurement buffer (containing 2% dimethyl sulfoxide) was added by 50 uL to examine the binding inhibitory activity of the test compound. Furthermore, 400 uM [125I]-NK-B (Neurokinin-B (N-Me-Phe7), [125I]His3-) (PerkinElmer) solution was added to each well by 50 uL. After reaction at 25° C. for 30 min, the reaction was quenched using a cell harvester (PerkinElmer) by rapid filtration on a GF/C filter plate, and the cells were washed 5 times with 250 uL of a 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.02% bovine serum albumin. The GF/C filter plate was dried, MicroScinti-0 (Perkin Elmer) was added by 20 uL, and the radioactivity was measured on a TopCount (PerkinElmer). The GF/C filter plate used had been immersed in 0.3% polyethyleneimine for one day.
- Binding Assay SSTR5 binding assays can be performed by labeling somatostatin and determining the ability of a compound to inhibit somatostatin binding. (Poitout et al., J. Med. Chem. 44:29900-3000, (2001); Hocart et al., J. Med. Chem. 41:1146-1154, (1998); J. Med. Chem. 50, 6292-6295 (2007) and J. Med. Chem. 50, 6295-6298 (2007)). Binding assays were performed using (3-125I-Tyr11)-SRIF-14 or (3-125I-Tyr11)-SRIF-28 as the radioligand (used at 0.1 nM) and The Packard Unifilter assay plate. The assay buffer consisted of 50 mM TrisHCl (pH 7.8) with 1 mM EGTA, 5 in M MgCl2, leupeptin (10 μg/mL), pepstatin (10 μg/mL), bacitracin (200 μg/mL), and aprotinin (0.5 μg/mL).
- Binding Assay Membranes from CHO/Galpha16 cells stably transfected with human hMCH-1R are resuspended using a syringe (needle 0.6x25 mm) and diluted in test buffer (50 mM HEPES, 10 mM MgCl2, 2 mM EGTA, pH 7.00; 0.1% bovine serum albumin (protease-free), 0.021% bacitracin, 1 ug/ml aprotinin, 1 ug/ml leupeptin and 1 uM phosphoramidone) to a concentration of 5 to 15 ug/ml. 200 microliters of this membrane fraction (contains 1 to 3 ug of protein) are incubated for 60 minutes at ambient temperature with 100 pM of 125I-tyrosyl melanin concentrating hormone (125I-MCH commercially obtainable from NEN) and increasing concentrations of the test compound in a final volume of 250 microliters. After the incubation the reaction is filtered using a cell harvester through 0.5% PEI treated fibreglass filters (GF/B, Unifilter Packard). The membrane-bound radioactivity retained on the filter is then determined after the addition of scintillator substance (Packard Microscint 20).
- Binding Assay Receptor binding assays were performed using crude membranes prepared from CHO cells expressing human NK3 receptor. Osanetant (SR142801), a non-peptide NK3 antagonist, was used as a ligand, and SB222200 was used as a positive control reference compound. The assay was performed with cell membrane homogenates (24 ug protein) incubated for 120 min at 22 C. with 0.4 nM [3H]SR142801 in the absence or presence of the test compound in a buffer containing 20 mM Hepes/NaOH (pH 7.4), 120 mM NaCl, 1 mM MnCl2, 0.01% bacitracin, 0.002% aprotinin and 0.1% BSA. Following incubation, the samples were filtered rapidly under vacuum through glass fiber filters (GF/B, Packard) that had been presoaked with 0.3% PEI. The filters were rinsed several times with ice-cold 50 mM Tris/HCl using a 96-sample cell harvester (Unifilter, Packard), dried, and counted for radioactivity in a scintillation counter (Topcount, Packard) using a scintillation cocktail (Microscint 0, Packard).
- Radiogland Binding Assays For the binding experiments 200 μL of membrane homogenate from one of the following protein amounts is used: hSSTR1 (40 μg/well); hSSTR2 (25 μg/well); hSSTR3 (1.5 μg/well); hSSTR4 (0.5 μg/well); hSSTR5 (25 μg/well). The homogenate is incubated with 0.05 nM of radioligand ([3-125I-Tyr]-Somatostatin-(1-14)) in addition to increasing concentrations of a test compound or vehicle (100% binding) in a total volume of 250 μL using a Hepes buffer (10 mM, EDTA 1 mM, MgCl2 5mM, pH7.6, BSA 0.5%, Bacitracin 0.003%, DMSO 1%) for 180 min at room temperature. The incubation is terminated by filtration with ice cold NaCl 0.9% through polyethyleneimine treated (0.3%) GF/ B glass fiber filters using a cell harvester. The protein-bound radioactivity is measured in a suitable reader. The non-specific binding is defined as radioactivity bound in the presence of 1 μM Somatostatin-14 during the incubation period.
- Radioligand Binding Assays For the binding experiments 200 μL of membrane homogenate from one of the following protein amounts is used: hSSTR1 (40 μg/well); hSSTR2 (25 μg/well); hSSTR3 (1.5 μg/well); hSSTR4 (0.5 μg/well); hSSTR5 (25 μg/well). The homogenate is incubated with 0.05 nM of radioligand ([3-125I-Tyr]-Somatostatin-(1-14)) in addition to increasing concentrations of a test compound or vehicle (100% binding) in a total volume of 250 μL using a Hepes buffer (10 mM, EDTA 1 mM, MgCl2 5 mM, pH7.6, BSA 0.5%, Bacitracin 0.003%, DMSO 1%) for 180 min at room temperature. The incubation is terminated by filtration with ice cold NaCl 0.9% through polyethyleneimine treated (0.3%) GF/B glass fiber filters using a cell harvester. The protein-bound radioactivity is measured in a suitable reader. The non-specific binding is defined as radioactivity bound in the presence of 1 μM Somatostatin-14 during the incubation period.
- Binding Scintillation Proximity Assay The receptor-ligand binding Scintillation Proximity Assay (SPA) (N. D. Cook. Drug Discovery Today 1 (1996), pp. 287-294) for SSTR3 was performed with membranes isolated from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells stably expressing the cloned human somatostatin receptors. Binding assays were performed in 384 well format using 125I-SS14 as the radioligand for SSTR3. The assay buffer consisted of 50 mM TrisHCl (pH 7.8) with 1 mM EGTA, 5 mM MgCl2, leupeptin (10 μg/mL), pepstatin (10 μg/mL), bacitracin (200 μg/mL), and aprotinin (0.5 μg/mL). CHO-K1 cell membranes were prebound to SPA beads and incubated with unlabelled test compounds and radiolabeled somatostatin in assay buffer. After 5 hours at room temperature, cpm/well was determined. Test compounds were examined in 10 point titrations over a range of concentrations from 0.00001 nM to 1200 nM. Percent inhibition was determined for each data point using binding in the presence of DMSO as the maximum achievable value.
- Human NK1 Receptor Binding Assay IM-9 cells (2×10^5 cells/mL) were cultured for 3 days after inoculation, and centrifuged at 500×g for 10 min to give cell pellets. The obtained pellets were washed with PBS (Phosphate-Buffered saline) (GIBCO), disrupted in buffer A (50 mM Tris-hydrochloric acid buffer (Tris-HCl) (pH 7.4) containing 120 mM sodium chloride, 5 mM potassium chloride, 2 μg/mL chymostatin, 40 μg/mL bacitracin, 40 μg/mL APMSF (p-amidinophenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride) and 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)) using a Polytron homogenizer (Kinematika, Germany), and centrifuged at 100,000×g for 40 min. The precipitation fraction was suspended in buffer B (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 0.02% bovine serum albumin, 2 μg/mL chymostatin, 40 μg/mL bacitracin, 40 μg/mL APMSF, 3 mM manganese dichloride (MnCl2)) and cryopreserved (−80° C.) as a receptor reference standard. Buffer B (50 μL) was added to a 96-well microassay plate (Corning Incorporated). The membrane reference standard suspended in buffer B at 250 μg/mL was added by 50 μL. A measurement buffer containing 2% dimethyl sulfoxide was added by 50 μL to examine the total binding, 4 μM non-labeled SP diluted with a measurement buffer containing 2% dimethyl sulfoxide was added by 50 μL to examine the non-specific binding, and a test compound diluted with a measurement buffer (containing 2% dimethyl sulfoxide) was added by 50 μL to examine the binding inhibitory activity of the test compound. Furthermore, 400 μM 125I-Bolton-Hunter-SP (BH-SP) solution was added to each well by 50 μL. After reaction at room temperature for 30 min, the reaction was quenched using a cell harvester (PerkinElmer) by rapid filtration on a GF/C filter plate (PerkinElmer), and the cells were washed 10 times with 250 μL of a 50 mM Tris-hydrochloric acid buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.02% bovine serum albumin. The GF/C filter plate was dried, MicroScinti-0 (PerkinElmer) was added by 20 μL, and the radioactivity was measured on a TopCount (PerkinElmer). The GF/C filter plate was immersed in 0.3% polyethyleneimine for one day before use.
- Binding Assay The displacement of the labeled ligand by the test compound leads to a decreased signal. For the binding experiments 200 μL of membrane homogenate from one of the following protein amounts is used: hSSTR1 (40 μg/well); hSSTR2 (25 μg/well); hSSTR3 (1.5 μg/well); hSSTR4 (0.5 μg/well); hSSTR5 (25 μg/well). The homogenate is incubated with 0.05 nM of radioligand ([3-125I-Tyr]-Somatostatin-(1-14)) in addition to increasing concentrations of a test compound or vehicle (100% binding) in a total volume of 250 μL using a Hepes buffer (10 mM, EDTA 1 mM, MgCl2 5 mM, pH 7.6, BSA 0.5%, Bacitracin 0.003%, DMSO 1%) for 180 min at RT. The incubation is terminated by filtration with ice cold NaCl 0.9% through polyethyleneimine treated (0.3%) grade GF/B glass fiber filters using a cell harvester. The protein-bound radioactivity is measured in a suitable reader. The non-specific binding is defined as radioactivity bound in the presence of 1 μM Somatostatin-14 during the incubation period. The analysis of the concentration-binding curves is performed by computer-assisted nonlinear least square curve fitting method using the model of one receptor binding site.
- Radioligand Binding Assay Receptor binding assays refer to a technique in which labeled receptor ligands are used to detect binding to a receptor. In competition experiments test compounds, which are not labeled, compete with the binding side of a labeled ligand. The displacement of the labeled ligand by the test compound leads to a decreased signal.Procedure:For the binding experiments 200 μL of membrane homogenate from one of the following protein amounts is used: hSSTR1 (40 μg/well); hSSTR2 (25 μg/well); hSSTR3 (1.5 μg/well); hSSTR4 (0.5 μg/well); hSSTR5 (25 μg/well). The homogenate is incubated with 0.05 nM of radioligand ([3-125I-Tyr]-Somatostatin-(1-14)) in addition to increasing concentrations of a test compound or vehicle (100% binding) in a total volume of 250 μL using a Hepes buffer (10 mM, EDTA 1 mM, MgCl2 5 mM, pH7.6, BSA 0.5%, Bacitracin 0.003%, DMSO 1%) for 180 min at room temperature. The incubation is terminated by filtration with ice cold NaCl 0.9% through polyethyleneimine treated (0.3%) GF/B glass fiber filters using a cell harvester. The protein-bound radioactivity is measured in a suitable reader. The non-specific binding is defined as radioactivity bound in the presence of 1 μM Somatostatin-14 during the incubation period.
- Radioligand Binding Assays Receptor binding assays refer to a technique in which labeled receptor ligands are used to detect binding to a receptor. In competition experiments test compounds, which are not labeled, compete with the binding side of a labeled ligand. The displacement of the labeled ligand by the test compound leads to a decreased signal.Procedure:For the binding experiments 200 μL of membrane homogenate from one of the following protein amounts is used: hSSTR1 (40 μg/well); hSSTR2 (25 μg/well); hSSTR3 (1.5 μg/well); hSSTR4 (0.5 μg/well); hSSTR5 (25 μg/well). The homogenate is incubated with 0.05 nM of radioligand ([3-125I-Tyr]-Somatostatin-(1-14)) in addition to increasing concentrations of a test compound or vehicle (100% binding) in a total volume of 250 μL using a Hepes buffer (10 mM, EDTA 1 mM, MgCl2 5 mM, pH7.6, BSA 0.5%, Bacitracin 0.003%, DMSO 1%) for 180 min at room temperature. The incubation is terminated by filtration with ice cold NaCl 0.9% through polyethyleneimine treated (0.3%) GF/B glass fiber filters using a cell harvester. The protein-bound radioactivity is measured in a suitable reader. The non-specific binding is defined as radioactivity bound in the presence of 1 μM Somatostatin-14 during the incubation period.The analysis of the concentration-binding curves is performed by computer-assisted nonlinear least square curve fitting method using the model of one receptor binding site.
- BB2 Receptor Antagonistic Activity A BB2 receptor binding test was carried out using a membrane sample prepared from a human prostate cancer-derived PC-3 cell. The PC-3 cell was cultured using an RPMI-1640 medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum, and then a membrane sample was prepared by the following methods. The cells detached by a trypsin treatment were added with a 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4, containing 0.2 mg/ml trypsin inhibitor and 0.2 mg/ml benzamidine), and homogenized by Polytron. The cell suspension was centrifuged at 1,500 rpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatant thus obtained was subjected to 1 hour of ultracentrifugation at 37,000×g. The precipitate was suspended in the aforementioned buffer to a concentration of 0.4 mg protein/ml, and stored at −80° C.The BB2 receptor binding test was carried out by the following method, and the receptor antagonistic activity of a compound to be tested was calculated. A 50 μl of the membrane sample, 50 μl of an assay buffer (20 mM HEPES-HBSS containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin and 0.1 mg/ml bacitracin, pH 7.4), 125I [Tyr4] bombesin (0.075 nM) and 2 μl of the compound to be tested dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide were added to a 96 well assay plate, and incubated at room temperature for 2 hours. Non-specific binding was measured using 1 μM of bombesin. After completion of the incubation, the reaction solution was filtered through a Whatman GF/B filter which had been soaked in 0.5% polyethyleneimine. The radioactivity on the filter was measured using a microplate scintillation counter (Top Count, Perkin-Elmer Co., Ltd.).
- Radioligand Binding Assays Method description for binding assays with human Somatostatin receptors by use of CHO cell membranes expressing recombinant human SSTR1 or human SSTR2 or human SSTR3 or human SSTR4 or human SSTR5Receptor binding assays refer to a technique in which labeled receptor ligands are used to detect binding to a receptor. In competition experiments test compounds, which are not labeled, compete with the binding side of a labeled ligand. The displacement of the labeled ligand by the test compound leads to a decreased signal.Procedure:For the binding experiments 200 μL of membrane homogenate from one of the following protein amounts is used: hSSTR1 (40 μg/well); hSSTR2 (25 μg/well); hSSTR3 (1.5 μg/well); hSSTR4 (0.5 μg/well); hSSTR5 (25 μg/well). The homogenate is incubated with 0.05 nM of radioligand ([3-125I-Tyr]-Somatostatin-(1-14)) in addition to increasing concentrations of a test compound or vehicle (100% binding) in a total volume of 250 μL using a Hepes buffer (10 mM, EDTA 1 mM, MgCl2 5 mM, pH7.6, BSA 0.5%, Bacitracin 0.003%, DMSO 1% for 180 min at room temperature. The incubation is terminated by filtration with ice cold NaCl 0.9% through polyethyleneimine treated (0.3%) GF/B glass fiber filters using a cell harvester. The protein-bound radioactivity is measured in a suitable reader. The non-specific binding is defined as radioactivity bound in the presence of 1 μM Somatostatin-14 during the incubation period.The analysis of the concentration-binding curves is performed by computer-assisted nonlinear least square curve fitting method using the model of one receptor binding site.
- Human NK2 Receptor Binding Assay CHO cells expressing hNK2 receptor were cultured in a HAM-F12 medium containing 400 ug/mL geneticin, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 ug/mL streptomycin and 10% inactivated serum. The medium was removed, the adhered cells were washed with PBS, and PBS containing 5 mM EDTA was added to detach the cells from the flask. The cells were collected by centrifugation, suspended in suspension buffer A (15 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 2 mM MgCl2, 0.3 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 1 mM O,O'-bis(2-aminoethyl)ethyleneglycol-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)), disrupted by a Polytron homogenizer (Kinematika), and centrifuged at 800xg for 10 min. The supernatant was recovered and ultracentrifuged at 100,000xg for 25 min. The precipitation fraction was suspended in suspension buffer B (7.5 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 12.5 mM MgCl2, 0.3 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 250 mM sucrose), and cryopreserved (-80° C.) as a receptor reference standard. Measurement buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 0.02% bovine serum albumin, 2 ug/mL chymostatin, 40 ug/mL bacitracin, 40 ug/mL APMSF, 3 mM MnCl2) (50 uL) was added to a 96-well microassay plate. The membrane reference standard (20 ug/mL) suspended in a measurement buffer was added by 50 uL. A measurement buffer containing 2% dimethyl sulfoxide was added by 50 uL to examine the total binding level, 4 uM non-labeled NK-A (PEPTIDE INSTITUTE, INC.) solution diluted with a measurement buffer containing 2% dimethyl sulfoxide was added by 50 uL to examine the non-specific binding level, and a test compound diluted with a measurement buffer (containing 2% dimethyl sulfoxide) was added by 50 uL to examine the binding inhibitory activity of the test compound. Furthermore, 400 uM [125I]-NK-A (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences KK) solution was added to each well by 50 uL. After reaction at 25° C. for 30 min, the reaction was quenched using a cell harvester (PerkinElmer) by rapid filtration on a GF/C filter plate, and the cells were washed 5 times with 250 uL of a 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.02% bovine serum albumin. The GF/C filter plate was dried, MicroScinti-0 (PerkinElmer) was added by 20 uL, and the radioactivity was measured on a TopCount (PerkinElmer). The GF/C filter plate used had been immersed in 0.3% polyethyleneimine for one day.