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- ChEMBL_2473490 Inhibition of ALK1/2 in HEK293 cells transfected with CAGA response element luciferase based reporter assessed as inhibition of TGF beta1-induced SMAD-dependent transcriptional activity incubated for 24 hrs in presence of TGF beta1 by dual-luciferase based reporter gene assay
- ChEMBL_1924659 (CHEMBL4427615) Inhibition of ALK5 in TGF beta1-stimulated HEK293T cells by SMAD binding element-driven beta lactamase reporter gene assay
- ChEMBL_2303312 Inhibition of TGF-beta (unknown origin)
- ChEMBL_2436393 Inhibition of ALK5 signaling in mouse NIH3T3 cells transfected with (CAGA)12-luciferase reporter incubated for 18 hrs in presence of TGF-beta1 by dual-luciferase reporter assay
- ChEMBL_768740 (CHEMBL1831613) Inhibition of TGF-beta1 signaling in human HEK293 cells transfected with luciferase and FAST-2 gene expression vector A3-LUX after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
- ChEMBL_2281209 Inhibition of TGF-beta receptor (unknown origin)
- ChEMBL_686620 (CHEMBL1292415) Inhibition of PKC-beta1
- ChEBML_206339 Inhibitory activity against TGF-beta type I receptor
- ChEMBL_208099 (CHEMBL814455) Dissociation constant for TGF-beta receptor type I
- ChEMBL_305062 (CHEMBL832694) Inhibition of human TGF-beta type II receptor
- ChEMBL_2458003 Inhibition of human adrenergic beta1 receptor
- ChEMBL_800692 (CHEMBL1947814) Binding affinity to beta1 adrenoceptor
- ChEMBL_1654658 (CHEMBL4004024) Activity at human beta1 adrenergic receptor
- ChEMBL_1776391 (CHEMBL4233383) Inhibition of PKC-beta1 (unknown origin)
- ChEMBL_217450 (CHEMBL823499) Inhibitory activity against alpha4-beta1 integrin
- ChEMBL_2447200 Inhibition of human AMPK alpha2/beta1/gamma1
- ChEMBL_697197 (CHEMBL1640617) Binding affinity to beta1 adrenergic receptor
- ChEMBL_718868 (CHEMBL1681362) Binding affinity to adrenergic beta1 receptor
- ChEMBL_759387 (CHEMBL1810625) Binding affinity to adrenergic beta1 receptor
- ChEMBL_759393 (CHEMBL1810631) Agonist activity at adrenergic beta1 receptor
- ChEMBL_941102 (CHEMBL2330899) Inhibition of PKC beta1 (unknown origin)
- ChEBML_217630 Inhibition of alpha5-beta1 integrin mediated cell adhesion
- ChEMBL_1979075 (CHEMBL4612210) Binding affinity to beta1 adrenoceptor (unknown origin)
- ChEMBL_2058442 (CHEMBL4713443) Binding affinity to beta1 adrenoceptor (unknown origin)
- ChEMBL_2110696 (CHEMBL4819546) Agonist activity at beta1 adrenoceptor (unknown origin)
- ChEMBL_2134931 (CHEMBL4844541) Binding affinity to human adrenergic beta1 receptor
- ChEMBL_2568856 Inhibition of AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 (unknown origin)
- ChEMBL_727080 (CHEMBL1687004) Agonist activity at human beta1 adrenergic receptor
- ChEMBL_800670 (CHEMBL1947792) Displacement of radiolabeled iodocyanopindolol from beta1 adrenoceptor
- ChEMBL_217442 (CHEMBL823341) Inhibition of Alpha4-beta1 integrin in Jurkat cells
- ChEMBL_306128 (CHEMBL833067) Inhibition of alpha5-beta1 integrin receptor in ELISA
- ChEMBL_818820 (CHEMBL2033606) Binding affinity to human recombinant beta1 adrenergic receptor
- ChEMBL_909576 (CHEMBL3059446) Agonist activity at Homo sapiens (human) beta1 adrenoreceptor
- ChEMBL_949262 (CHEMBL2346138) Binding affinity to beta1 adrenergic receptor (unknown origin)
- ChEMBL_27998 (CHEMBL642728) Inhibition of Activin like receptor kinase 5, TGF beta type I receptor
- ChEMBL_1547890 (CHEMBL3756967) Binding affinity to integrin alpha5/beta1 heterodimer (unknown origin)
- ChEMBL_217306 (CHEMBL823927) Inhibition of integrin alpha4-beta1 of human Jurkat cells
- ChEMBL_217445 (CHEMBL823344) Inhibition of integrin alpha4-beta1 binding to VCAM-Ig
- ChEMBL_217448 (CHEMBL823497) Inhibition of integrin alpha4-beta1 adhesion to Jurkat cells
- ChEMBL_217451 (CHEMBL823500) Affinity for alpha4-beta1 integrin from HL60 cell lysate
- ChEMBL_217629 (CHEMBL820372) Inhibition of integrin alpha5-beta1 adhesion to K562 cells
- ChEMBL_761938 (CHEMBL1817457) Displacement of [3H](-)-CGP12177 from human adrenergic beta1 receptor
- ChEMBL_88890 (CHEMBL694793) K562 cell adhesion via integrin alpha5-beta1 to fibrinogen
- ChEMBL_88912 (CHEMBL699814) CEMD9 cell adhesion via integrin alpha4-beta1 to VCAM1
- ChEMBL_570592 (CHEMBL1030216) Inhibition of TGF-beta-induced ALK5 in human HepG2 cells by luciferase assay
- ChEMBL_1823725 (CHEMBL4323489) Displacement of [3H] CGP12177 from beta1 adrenergic receptor (unknown origin)
- ChEMBL_214682 (CHEMBL817645) Inhibition of VLA-4 integrin alpha4-beta1 interaction with VCAM
- ChEMBL_216976 (CHEMBL822793) Functional potency for nAChR subtype Alpha1-beta1 delta gamma (torpedo)
- ChEMBL_217299 (CHEMBL823920) Inhibition of alpha4-beta1 binding to VCAM-1 in ELISA.
- ChEMBL_217627 (CHEMBL820370) Ability to block the alpha5-beta1 integrin binding to fibronectin
- ChEMBL_2309524 Binding affinity to beta1 receptor (unknown origin) assessed as inhibition constant
- ChEMBL_2543594 Inhibition of human AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 in presence of ATP
- ChEMBL_841416 (CHEMBL2091585) Binding affinity to human beta1-adrenoceptor by radioligand binding assay
- ChEMBL_946470 (CHEMBL2340067) Inhibition of Alk5 in TGF-beta-stimulated human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in Smad2 phosphorylation treated for 45 mins prior to TGF-beta stimulation measured after 60 mins by odyssey blot scanner analysis
- ChEBML_56503 Tested for beta1-receptor selectivity in canine cardiac tissue in anesthetized dogs
- ChEMBL_1698585 (CHEMBL4049567) Inhibition of alpha5 beta1 integrin (unknown origin) by cell proliferation assay
- ChEMBL_1698586 (CHEMBL4049568) Inhibition of alpha5 beta1 integrin (unknown origin) by cell migration assay
- ChEMBL_217452 (CHEMBL823501) Inhibition of alpha4-beta1 VCAM binding in Jurkat cell adhesion assay
- ChEMBL_217626 (CHEMBL820369) Inhibition of fibrinogen binding to K562 cells expressing integrin alpha5-beta1
- ChEMBL_2222520 (CHEMBL5135854) Binding affinity to beta1 receptor (unknown origin) assessed as inhibition constant
- ChEMBL_2443262 Inhibition of AMPKalpha1/beta1/gamma1 (unknown origin) by ADP-Glo Kinase assay
- ChEMBL_305907 (CHEMBL832622) In vitro inhibition of human alpha5-beta1 integrin binding in ELISA
- ChEMBL_32649 (CHEMBL642144) Binding affinity towards alpha V-beta1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells
- ChEMBL_334208 (CHEMBL865253) Inhibition of Integrin alphav-beta1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cell line
- ChEMBL_1573518 (CHEMBL3801473) Displacement of [3H]CGP12177 from mouse beta1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells
- ChEMBL_1673933 (CHEMBL4023962) Allosteric activation of human AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 by TR-FRET assay
- ChEMBL_1759774 (CHEMBL4194782) Activation of human AMPK alpha2/beta1/gamma1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21
- ChEMBL_1807430 (CHEMBL4306789) Binding affinity to beta1 adrenergic receptor (unknown origin) by radioligand binding assay
- ChEMBL_213397 (CHEMBL818055) Inhibition of alpha4-beta1 (very late) antigen binding with VCAM-1 immunoglobulin
- ChEMBL_213549 (CHEMBL816253) Inhibition of alpha4-beta1 (very late) antigen binding with VCAM-1 immunoglobulin
- ChEMBL_217313 (CHEMBL821834) Inhibition of VCAM-1 binding to integrin alpha4-beta1 of Jurkat cells
- ChEMBL_217438 (CHEMBL823337) Inhibition of VCAM binding to Alpha4-beta1 integrin of human eosinophil cell
- ChEMBL_217447 (CHEMBL823496) Inhibition of integrin alpha1-beta1 adhesion using K562 cells expressing alpha-1
- ChEMBL_217623 (CHEMBL820366) Binding affinity against integrin alpha5-beta1 in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
- ChEMBL_56503 (CHEMBL667338) Tested for beta1-receptor selectivity in canine cardiac tissue in anesthetized dogs
- ChEMBL_766717 (CHEMBL1827495) Displacement of [3H]-CGP12177 from beta1-adrenergic receptor in rat heart membranes
- ChEMBL_208100 (CHEMBL814456) Inhibition of human Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta-1 receptor (T204D mutation) autophosphorylation in Sf9 cells
- ChEMBL_208101 (CHEMBL814457) In vitro inhibitory activity against human Transforming growth factor beta-1 receptor kinase (TGF-beta RIK)
- ChEMBL_2261292 (CHEMBL5216303) Inhibition of human TGF-beta-R1 using TMB substrate incubated for 2.5 hrs by microplate reader analysis
- ChEMBL_2294673 Inhibition of ALK5 in human Hs-578T cells assessed as effect of TGF-beta-induced Smad3/4 phosphorylation
- ChEBML_41541 Agonistic activity against cloned human beta1-AR (beta-1-adrenergic receptor) in CHO cells
- ChEBML_41682 Agonistic activity against cloned human beta1-AR (beta-2-adrenergic receptor) in CHO cells
- ChEMBL_1369176 Agonist activity at human beta1 adrenergic receptor expressed in cells by cAMP accumulation assay
- ChEMBL_1612911 (CHEMBL3854711) Binding affinity to recombinant human AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 by SPR binding assay
- ChEMBL_1673935 (CHEMBL4023964) Binding affinity to human BAP-tagged AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 by SPR assay
- ChEMBL_1900545 (CHEMBL4402767) Displacement of [3H]CGP12177 from mouse beta1 adrenoceptor expressed in HEK293T cell membranes
- ChEMBL_1900547 (CHEMBL4402769) Displacement of [3H]CGP12177 from human beta1 adrenoceptor expressed in HEK293T cell membranes
- ChEMBL_217300 (CHEMBL823921) Inhibition of alpha4-beta1 integrin connecting segment 1 (CS1) splice variant binding interaction
- ChEMBL_217453 (CHEMBL823502) Inhibitory activity against alpha4-beta1 integrin (vascular cell adhesion molecule) in ELISA assay
- ChEMBL_217458 (CHEMBL823507) Inhibition of alpha4-beta1 integrin connecting segment 1 (CS1) splice variant binding interaction
- ChEMBL_2543614 Inhibition of human AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 in presence of ATP by cellular assay
- ChEMBL_800686 (CHEMBL1947808) Binding affinity to beta1 adrenoceptor expressed in CHO cells by cAMP accumulation assay
- ChEMBL_809479 (CHEMBL2015334) Displacement of [3H](-)-CGP-12177 from adrenergic beta1 receptor by cell based assay
- ChEBML_217441 Inhibition of VCAM (vascular cell adhesion molecule) adhesion to alpha4-beta1 integrin of leukocyte cells
- ChEMBL_1503969 (CHEMBL3590899) Inhibition of human Nav1.8/beta1 expressed in HEK293 cells by manual patch clamp electrophysiology
- ChEMBL_1648455 (CHEMBL3997511) Inhibition of proteasome beta1 in human MOLT4 cell lysate after 1 hr by ELISA
- ChEMBL_2133587 (CHEMBL4843197) Agonist activity at human beta1 adrenoreceptor overexpressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation
- ChEMBL_217298 (CHEMBL823919) Inhibition of fluorescently labeled alpha4-beta1 positive Ramos cells binding to immobilized VCAM-1.
- ChEMBL_217628 (CHEMBL820371) Inhibition of fibronectin (GST-3Fn8-11) binding to recombinant soluble mini integrin alpha5-beta1
- ChEMBL_2520933 Inhibition of AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 (unknown origin) by FRET based Z-LYTE kinase assay
- ChEMBL_2543574 Inhibition of human AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 assessed as inhibition constant in presence of ATP
- ChEMBL_773265 (CHEMBL1840217) Agonist activity at human beta1 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as cAMP accumulation
- SMAD Transcription Factor Inhibitors Dose Response Confirmation NIH Molecular Libraries Screening Centers Network [MLSCN] Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center in MLSCN Assay provider: F.M. Hoffmann, University of Wisconsin-Madison MLSCN Grant: 1R21NS057002-01 Assay Overview: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-Beta) regulates a variety of processes in mammalian cells, including proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration and extracellular matrix production. Aberrant increases in TGF-Beta signaling have been implicated in several pathological conditions including cancer and fibrosis. Inhibition of TGF-Beta signaling is an important tool in elucidating the multiple biological functions of TGF-Beta and is of significant interest as a potential therapeutic strategy in fibrotic diseases and several advanced cancers. Smad proteins mediate cellular responses to TGF-Beta. TGF-Beta alters cellular gene expression and cell behavior by binding and activating the Type II and Type I serine kinase receptors on the cell membrane. Activated Type I recep
- SMAD Transcription Factor Inhibitors Secondary Dose Response Confirmation NIH Molecular Libraries Screening Centers Network [MLSCN] Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center in MLSCN Assay provider: F.M. Hoffmann, University of Wisconsin-Madison MLSCN Grant: 1R21NS057002-01 Assay Overview: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-Beta) regulates a variety of processes in mammalian cells, including proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration and extracellular matrix production. Aberrant increases in TGF-Beta signaling have been implicated in several pathological conditions including cancer and fibrosis. Inhibition of TGF-Beta signaling is an important tool in elucidating the multiple biological functions of TGF-Beta and is of significant interest as a potential therapeutic strategy in fibrotic diseases and several advanced cancers. Smad proteins mediate cellular responses to TGF-Beta. TGF-Beta alters cellular gene expression and cell behavior by binding and activating the Type II and Type I serine kinase receptors on the cell membrane. Activated Type I recep
- ChEBML_1711421 Displacement of [3H](-)CGP 12177 from human beta1 adrenoceptor after 60 mins by scintillation counting analysis
- ChEMBL_1970361 (CHEMBL4603179) Allosteric activation of AMPK alpha2/beta1/gamma1 in human HepG2 cells by scintillation proximity assay
- ChEMBL_213406 (CHEMBL815429) Inhibition of very late antigen-4 alpha4-beta1 (VLA-4), I-VCAM-Ig as radioligand
- ChEMBL_217305 (CHEMBL823926) Inhibition of alpha4-beta1 interaction to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was determined
- ChEMBL_217308 (CHEMBL823929) Inhibition of human recombinant sVCAM-1 binding to alpha4-beta1 integrin (VLA-4) in ELISA
- ChEMBL_726483 (CHEMBL1685250) Agonist activity at beta1 adrenoceptor in rat left atria assessed as induction of ionotropic effect
- ChEMBL_761248 (CHEMBL1816606) Agonist activity at human adrenergic beta1 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as cAMP accumulation
- ChEMBL_766718 (CHEMBL1827496) Displacement of [125I]-Iodopindolol from beta1-adrenergic receptor after 1.5 hrs by liquid scintillation counting
- ChEMBL_1990083 (CHEMBL4623818) Inhibition of human NaV1.1/beta1/beta2 expressed in HEK293A cells by Ionworks high-throughput electrophysiology method
- ChEMBL_1990084 (CHEMBL4623819) Inhibition of human NaV1.5/beta1/beta2 expressed in HEK293A cells by Ionworks high-throughput electrophysiology method
- ChEMBL_1990085 (CHEMBL4623820) Inhibition of human NaV1.7/beta1/beta2 expressed in HEK293A cells by Ionworks high-throughput electrophysiology method
- ChEMBL_1990086 (CHEMBL4623821) Inhibition of mouse NaV1.7/beta1/beta2 expressed in HEK293A cells by Ionworks high-throughput electrophysiology method
- ChEMBL_213398 (CHEMBL818056) Inhibition of alpha4-beta1 (very late) antigen binding with VCAM-1 immunoglobulin plus 5% human plasma
- ChEMBL_214678 (CHEMBL818284) Inhibition of [125I]VCAM-Ig binding to alpha4-beta1 (VLA-4) of human RPMI-8866 cells
- ChEMBL_215740 (CHEMBL823096) Inhibition of [125I]VCAM-Ig binding to human integrin alpha4-beta1 (VLA-4) of Jurkat cells
- ChEMBL_217310 (CHEMBL823931) Inhibitory concentration affording 50% inhibition of alpha4-beta1 integrin binding to VCAM-1, using ELISA assay.
- ChEMBL_874479 (CHEMBL2184802) Reversible inhibition of human erythrocyte derived 20S proteasome subunit beta1 after 30 mins by fluorogenic assay
- ChEMBL_1362119 (CHEMBL3294891) Displacement of [3H]dihydroalprenolol from beta1 receptor (unknown origin) by liquid scintillation counting and cell based assay
- ChEMBL_1362123 (CHEMBL3294895) Agonist activity at human recombinant beta1 receptor assessed as cAMP accumulation by radioimmunoassay and cell based assay
- ChEMBL_1864032 (CHEMBL4365007) Displacement of [3H](-)CGP12177 from recombinant human beta1 adrenergic receptor after 60 mins by scintillation counting analysis
- ChEMBL_755361 (CHEMBL1804517) Displacement of [125I]-CYP from human beta1-adrenergic receptor expressed in COS-7 cells by gamma counting
- ChEMBL_809525 (CHEMBL2015442) Displacement of [125I]Iodocyanopindolol from human adrenergic beta1 receptor expressed in insect sf9 cells by scintillation counting
- ChEBML_41520 In vitro agonistic activity assessed by measurement of cAMP accumulation level in CHO cells expressing human beta1-AR receptor
- ChEMBL_1554477 (CHEMBL3767774) Displacement of [125]I-cyanopindolol from recombinant human beta1 adrenergic receptor after 1 hr by scintillation counting method
- ChEMBL_2018158 (CHEMBL4671736) Activation of human sGC subunit alpha1/beta1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as cGMP production by CASA assay
- ChEMBL_755354 (CHEMBL1804510) Displacement of [3H]CGP-12177 from beta1-adrenergic receptor in Sprague-Dawley rat cortical membrane after 2 hrs
- ChEMBL_797651 (CHEMBL1943769) Agonist activity at recombinant human beta1-adrenoceptor expressed in whole cells assessed as cAMP accumulation by homogeneous radioimmunoassay
- ChEMBL_88913 (CHEMBL699815) In vitro inhibition of binding of integrin alpha4-beta1 to immobilized VCAM-1 expressed on endothelial cell surface.
- ChEMBL_1500939 (CHEMBL3586897) Inverse agonist activity at human ROR-beta1 transfected in HEK293 cells after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
- ChEMBL_1729838 (CHEMBL4145116) Displacement of [3H]-CGP12177 from human beta1 ADR expressed in HEK293T cell membranes after 90 mins by scintillation counting
- ChEMBL_2234478 (CHEMBL5148250) Activation of rat liver AMPK-beta1 using SAMS peptide as substrate incubated for 10 mins by microplate reader assay
- ChEMBL_41521 (CHEMBL654503) In vitro agonistic activity assessed by measurement of cAMP accumulation level in CHO cells expressing human beta1-AR receptor
- ChEMBL_944386 (CHEMBL2345300) Binding affinity to His-tagged human beta1 adrenergic receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes by surface plasmon resonance analysis
- ChEMBL_952263 (CHEMBL2351569) Antagonist activity at human beta1 adrenoceptor expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as inhibition of CGP12177-induced [3H]cAMP accumulation
- ChEMBL_952282 (CHEMBL2351861) Displacement of [3H]-CGP12177 from human beta1 adrenoceptor expressed in CHOK1 cells after 2 hrs by scintillation counting analysis
- ChEMBL_1509428 (CHEMBL3603436) Agonist activity at human beta1-adrenergic receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase of cAMP level after 30 mins
- ChEMBL_1539002 (CHEMBL3738005) Antagonist activity at human beta1 receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as isoproterenol-induced cAMP level by HTRF assay
- ChEMBL_1648531 (CHEMBL3997587) Displacement of [3H](-)CGP12177 from human beta1-AR expressed in CHOK1 cells after 2 hrs by TopCount microscintillation counting method
- ChEMBL_216981 (CHEMBL822798) Compound was evaluated for its ability to displace [125 I]alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BgT) from torpedo alpha1-beta1-gamma1 electroplax
- ChEMBL_216982 (CHEMBL822799) Compound was evaluated for its ability to displace [125 I]alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BgT) from torpedo alpha1-beta1-gamma1 electroplax
- ChEBML_1698007 Displacement of [3H]CGP12177 from human recombinant beta1 adrenergic receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes after 90 mins by beta counting method
- ChEMBL_1367449 Inhibition of amyloid beta1-42 (unknown origin) aggregation assessed as amyloid fibril formation tested after 17 hrs by thioflavin T fluorescence method
- ChEMBL_1700066 (CHEMBL4051048) Agonist activity at recombinant human beta1 adrenergic receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as accumulation of cyclic AMP after 30 mins
- ChEMBL_1732886 (CHEMBL4148422) Displacement of [3H]-CGP-12177 from beta1-adrenergic receptor in rat brain cortex after 1 hr by Microbeta scintillation counting method
- ChEMBL_216046 (CHEMBL820722) In vitro functional efficacy in stimulating increase in cAMP in chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the cloned human beta1 receptor.
- ChEMBL_952276 (CHEMBL2351582) Partial agonist activity at human beta1 adrenoceptor expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as induction of [3H]cAMP accumulation after 5 hrs
- ChEMBL_2328042 Inhibition of TGF-beta induced Smad2/3 signaling in human HepG2 cells harboring pRL-EF1alpha, (CAGA)9x-MLP-Luc plasmid assessed as luciferase activity incubated for 24 hrs
- ChEMBL_1449715 (CHEMBL3378138) Displacement of [125I]iodo-(+/-)-cyanopindolol from human adrenergic beta1 receptor expressed in CHO cells after 3 hrs by radio-ligand binding assay
- ChEMBL_1576858 (CHEMBL3806502) Inhibition of human 20S proteasome caspase beta1-like activity using Z-LLE-AMC as substrate measured for 30 mins by fluorescence assay
- ChEMBL_1612921 (CHEMBL3854721) Activation of recombinant human AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 using Cy5-labelled SAMS as substrate in presence of ATP by TR-FRET assay
- ChEMBL_1619402 (CHEMBL3861571) Displacement of [3H]CGP-12177 from beta1 adrenergic receptor in rat brain cerebral cortex after 60 mins by microbeta scintillation counting method
- ChEMBL_1633252 (CHEMBL3876044) Inhibition of human recombinant full length N-terminal GST/N-terminal His-tagged AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 expressed in baculovirus expression system
- ChEMBL_1633254 (CHEMBL3876046) Inhibition of human recombinant full length N-terminal GST/N-terminal His-tagged AMPK alpha2/beta1/gamma1 expressed in baculovirus expression system
- ChEMBL_1895520 (CHEMBL4397555) Displacement of [3H]-CGP-12177 from murine beta1-adrenergic receptor expressed in HEK293T cells after 60 mins by radioligand competition binding assay
- ChEMBL_1934043 (CHEMBL4479695) Inhibition of full-length recombinant human GST and His-tagged AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 expressed in baculovirus expression system by LanthaScreen assay
- ChEMBL_1971732 (CHEMBL4604550) Inhibition of human alpha2 beta1 in human platelets assessed as reduction in platelet adhesion to collagen type 1 incubated for 30 mins
- ChEMBL_1977178 (CHEMBL4610313) Agonist activity at human beta1 adrenoreceptor overexpressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation incubated for 60 mins by HTRF assay
- ChEMBL_1990113 (CHEMBL4623848) Inhibition of human Nav1.4/beta1/beta2 expressed in CHO cells with -120 mV holding potential by whole cell manual patch clamp method
- ChEMBL_1990118 (CHEMBL4623853) Inhibition of mouse Nav1.1/beta1/beta2 expressed in HEK293A cells with -120 mV holding potential by whole cell manual patch clamp method
- ChEMBL_1990119 (CHEMBL4623854) Inhibition of mouse Nav1.5/beta1/beta2 expressed in HEK293A cells with -140 mV holding potential by whole cell manual patch clamp method
- ChEMBL_1990120 (CHEMBL4623855) Inhibition of mouse Nav1.7/beta1/beta2 expressed in HEK293A cells with -120 mV holding potential by whole cell manual patch clamp method
- ChEMBL_2018163 (CHEMBL4671741) Activation of human sGC subunit alpha1/beta1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as cGMP production in presence of ODQ by CASA assay
- ChEMBL_2110681 (CHEMBL4819531) Agonist activity at human beta1 adrenoceptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase in cAMP level incubated for 30 mins by immunoassay
- ChEMBL_2110683 (CHEMBL4819533) Inhibition of 3H]CGP12177 binding to human beta1 adrenoceptor expressed in sf9 cell membranes incubated for 60 mins by scintillation counting method
- ChEMBL_2303332 Displacement of [3H]GX-545 from human Nav1.7 alpha subunit expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing beta1 subunit by liquid scintillation counting analysis
- ChEMBL_2088444 (CHEMBL4769707) Inhibition of TGF-beta type 1 receptor in mouse NIH3T3 cells expressing Luc-Smad 2/3 measured after 24 hrs incubation by cell based Bright-Glo Luciferase assay
- ChEMBL_2161333 (CHEMBL5046083) Inhibition of TGF beta 1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells transfected with Smad2/3 responsive reporter plasmid incubated for 4 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay
- ChEMBL_1577997 (CHEMBL3806746) Inhibition of full length human Nav1.4 channel expressed in HEK cells co-expressing human sodium channel subunit beta1 by automated voltage clamp analysis
- ChEMBL_1617777 (CHEMBL3859846) Activation of full length human His/GST-tagged AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 expressed in baculovirus expression system after 1 hr by Z'Lyte assay
- ChEMBL_1633549 (CHEMBL3876341) Displacement of [3H]CGP 12177 from human recombinant beta1 adrenergic receptor expressed in HEK293 cells measured after 60 mins by scintillation counting method
- ChEMBL_1712282 (CHEMBL4122331) Displacement of [3H]-CGP-12177 from adrenergic beta1 receptor in Wistar rat cortex incubated for 60 mins by microbeta liquid scintillation counting analysis
- ChEMBL_1737653 (CHEMBL4153403) Displacement of [3H]-Pindolol from human adrenergic beta1 receptor expressed in Flp-In CHO cells after 90 mins by microbeta scintillation counting method
- ChEMBL_1799359 (CHEMBL4271651) Agonist activity at human beta1 adrenergic receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 60 mins by HTRF assay
- ChEMBL_1840283 (CHEMBL4340582) Agonist activity at human beta1 adrenergic receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 60 mins by HTRF assay
- ChEMBL_1972394 (CHEMBL4605212) Inhibition of Beta1 subunit in human 20S proteasome using Ac-nLPnLD-AMC as substrate after 1 hr by fluorescence based microplate reader analysis
- ChEMBL_2110689 (CHEMBL4819539) Agonist activity at human beta1 adrenoceptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation measured after 60 mins by HTRF assay
- ChEMBL_2206760 (CHEMBL5119468) Inhibition of 20S proteasome beta1 subunit (unknown origin) using Z-LLE-AMC as flurogenic substrate measured after 1 hr by fluorescence based analysis
- ChEMBL_2249286 (CHEMBL5163496) Agonist activity at beta1 adrenoceptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation incubated for 60 mins by microplate reader analysis
- ChEMBL_1809262 (CHEMBL4308621) Displacement of [125I]-pindolol from human recombinant adrenergic Beta1 receptor expressed in Flp-In CHO cells after 90 mins by microbeta scintillation counting method
- ChEMBL_1873770 (CHEMBL4375059) Displacement of [3H]DHA from beta1 adrenergic receptor (unknown origin) stably expressed in HEK293 cell membranes measured after 90 mins by scintillation counting analysis
- ChEMBL_2110676 (CHEMBL4819526) Agonist activity at human beta1 adrenoceptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase in intracellular cAMP level incubated for 1 hr by alphascreen technology
- ChEMBL_798360 (CHEMBL1943959) Displacement of Eu-labeled VCAM-1 from human VLA alpha4 beta1 expressed in CHO-K1 cells after 60 mins by time-resolved fluorometric analysis
- ChEMBL_809523 (CHEMBL2015440) Agonist activity at human adrenergic beta1 receptor expressed in DHB-11 CHO cells assessed as cAMP accumulation after 20 mins by scintillation proximity assay
- ChEMBL_1750251 (CHEMBL4185011) Inhibition of 20s immunoproteasome beta1 caspase-like activity in human spleen using Ac-Pro-Ala-Leu-AMC as substrate after 10 mins by fluorescence assay
- ChEMBL_1890395 (CHEMBL4392149) Displacement of [125I]-pindolol from recombinant human beta1 adrenergic receptor expressed in CHO Flp-In cells measured after 90 mins by microbeta scintillation counting method
- ChEMBL_2303358 Inhibition of human Nav1.5 alpha subunit expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing beta1 subunit at -60 mV holding potential by PatchXpress automated voltage clamp electrophysiology technique
- ChEMBL_2303359 Inhibition of human Nav1.2 alpha subunit expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing beta1 subunit at -35 mV holding potential by PatchXpress automated voltage clamp electrophysiology technique
- ChEMBL_2303360 Inhibition of human Nav1.1 alpha subunit expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing beta1 subunit at -40 mV holding potential by PatchXpress automated voltage clamp electrophysiology technique
- ChEMBL_2303361 Inhibition of human Nav1.6 alpha subunit expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing beta1 subunit at -35 mV holding potential by PatchXpress automated voltage clamp electrophysiology technique
- TR Receptor Ligand Binding Assay Human thyroid hormone receptor alpha and beta (hTR alpha1) and (hTR beta1) were produced using TNT coupled reticulocyte lysate system from Promega.
- ChEMBL_1617773 (CHEMBL3859842) Binding affinity for full length human N-terminal His/BAP-tagged AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus by surface plasmon resonance method
- ChEMBL_1698584 (CHEMBL4049566) Inhibition of alpha5 beta1 integrin (unknown origin)-mediated human K562 cell adhesion to GST-tagged fibronectin after 45 mins by crystal violet staining based spectrophotometric analysis
- ChEMBL_1750241 (CHEMBL4185001) Inhibition of 20s constitutive proteasome beta1 caspase-like activity in human erythrocytes using Z-Leu-Leu-Glu-AMC as substrate after 10 mins by fluorescence assay
- ChEMBL_1785063 (CHEMBL4256580) Displacement of [3H]GX-545 from recombinant human NaV1.7 expressed in HEK293 cell membranes coexpressing Nav beta1 subunit after 18 hrs by liquid scintillation counting method
- ChEMBL_1803088 (CHEMBL4275380) Inhibition of yeast 20S proteasome beta1 subunit using fluorescent substrate pretreated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 60 mins by fluorescence assay
- ChEMBL_1904396 (CHEMBL4406618) Displacement of [125I]-pindolol from recombinant human beta1 adrenergic receptor expressed in CHO Flp-In cell membranes measured after 90 mins by microbeta scintillation counting method
- ChEMBL_2291912 Inhibition of human Nav1.7/beta1/2 transfected in HEK293-A cells assessed as inhibition of channel current incubated for 5.5 mins by high-throughput electrophysiology system analysis
- ChEMBL_2291913 Inhibition of mouse Nav1.7/beta1/2 transfected in HEK293-A cells assessed as inhibition of channel current incubated for 5.5 mins by high-throughput electrophysiology system analysis
- ChEMBL_2291915 Inhibition of human Nav1.1/beta1/2 transfected in HEK293-A cells assessed as inhibition of channel current incubated for 5.5 mins by high-throughput electrophysiology system analysis
- ChEMBL_2291916 Inhibition of human Nav1.5/beta1/2 transfected in HEK293-A cells assessed as inhibition of channel current incubated for 5.5 mins by high-throughput electrophysiology system analysis
- ChEMBL_2303333 Inhibition of human Nav1.7 alpha subunit expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing beta1 subunit at -60 mV holding potential by whole-cell patch voltage clamp electrophysiology recording
- ChEMBL_2303334 Inhibition of human Nav1.5 alpha subunit expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing beta1 subunit at -60 mV holding potential by whole-cell patch voltage clamp electrophysiology recording
- ChEMBL_804451 (CHEMBL1955022) Inhibition of recombinant human BACE1 expressed in CHO cells co-transfected with human APP with Swedish mutation assessed as amyloid beta1-40 secretion by alphaLISA technique
- ChEMBL_2297944 Inhibition of TGF-beta induced Smad2/3 signaling in human HepG2 cells harboring pRL-EF1alpha, (CAGA)9x-MLP-Luc plasmid assessed as luciferase activity incubated for 24 hrs by Promega reporter rene assay
- In Vitro Enzymatic Activity Inhibition Test (TGFbetaR1) (Promega), the inhibitory effect of the compounds of the present invention on the enzymatic activity of TGFβR1 was determined, and the steps were as follows: TGFβR1 enzyme were pre-incubated with different concentrations of test compounds (1000 nM, 100 nM, 10 nM) at 30 C. for 30 min, TGFβR1 peptide and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were added to initiate the reaction. The incubation was performed at 30 C. for 3 h, followed by an addition of ADP-Glo reagent and incubated at room temperature for 90 min, kinase detection reagent was then added. Chemiluminescence signal values were detected after incubation at room temperature for another 30 min.
- ChEMBL_1785121 (CHEMBL4256638) Inhibition of full length human NaV1.7 expressed in HEK293 cells coexpressing Nav beta1 subunit assessed as decrease in sodium current amplitude by PatchXpress automated voltage clamp method
- ChEMBL_1785122 (CHEMBL4256639) Inhibition of full length human NaV1.5 expressed in HEK293 cells coexpressing Nav beta1 subunit assessed as decrease in sodium current amplitude by PatchXpress automated voltage clamp method
- ChEMBL_1913979 (CHEMBL4416562) Agonist activity at human beta1 adrenergic receptor expressed in CHOK1 cells co-expressing Galpha15 assessed as increase in calcium influx by measuring fluorescence intensity by FLIPR assay
- ChEMBL_1994470 (CHEMBL4628365) Inhibition of latency-associated peptide/TGF-beta binding to recombinant human integrin alphaV (Phe31 to Val992 residues) beta6 (Gly22 to Asn707 residues) expressed in CHO cells by ELISA based solid phase binding assay
- ChEMBL_1994471 (CHEMBL4628366) Inhibition of latency-associated peptide/TGF-beta binding to recombinant human integrin alphaV (Phe31 to Val992 residues) beta8 (Glu43 to Arg684 residues) expressed in CHO cells by ELISA based solid phase binding assay
- ChEMBL_1577992 (CHEMBL3806691) Inhibition of full length human Nav1.7 channel expressed in HEK cells co-expressing human sodium channel subunit beta1 at holding potential -60 mV by automated voltage clamp analysis
- ChEMBL_1577993 (CHEMBL3806692) Inhibition of full length human Nav1.5 channel expressed in HEK cells co-expressing human sodium channel subunit beta1 at holding potential -60 mV by automated voltage clamp analysis
- ChEMBL_1577995 (CHEMBL3806744) Inhibition of full length human Nav1.1 channel expressed in HEK cells co-expressing human sodium channel subunit beta1 at holding potential -40 mV by automated voltage clamp analysis
- ChEMBL_1577996 (CHEMBL3806745) Inhibition of full length human Nav1.2 channel expressed in HEK cells co-expressing human sodium channel subunit beta1 at holding potential -35 mV by automated voltage clamp analysis
- ChEMBL_1577998 (CHEMBL3806747) Inhibition of full length human Nav1.6 channel expressed in HEK cells co-expressing human sodium channel subunit beta1 at holding potential -35 mV by automated voltage clamp analysis
- ChEMBL_1578093 (CHEMBL3806982) Inhibition of full length human Nav1.3 channel expressed in HEK cells co-expressing human sodium channel subunit beta1 at holding potential -50 mV by automated voltage clamp analysis
- ChEMBL_1617788 (CHEMBL3859857) Activation of full length human recombinant AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells using 5'-FAM-SAMS peptide substrate after 45 mins by fluorescence assay
- ChEMBL_1617794 (CHEMBL3859863) Activation of full length human recombinant AMPK alpha2/beta1/gamma1 expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells using 5'-FAM-SAMS peptide substrate after 45 mins by fluorescence assay
- ChEMBL_1290037 (CHEMBL3116955) Antagonist activity at recombinant integrin alpha2 beta1 receptor (unknown origin) assessed as inhibition of interaction with biotinylated collagen type-1 after 3 hrs by solid phase ELISA-type assay
- ChEMBL_1933763 (CHEMBL4479415) Inhibition of catalytic activity of immunoproteasome 20s subunit beta1 in human Raji cells incubated for 1 hr by Cy5-NC-001 probe based competitive activity based protein profiling assay
- ChEMBL_1933769 (CHEMBL4479421) Inhibition of catalytic activity of immunoproteasome 20s subunit beta1 in human RPMI8226 cells incubated for 1 hr by Cy5-NC-001 probe based competitive activity based protein profiling assay
- ChEMBL_1971731 (CHEMBL4604549) Inhibition of human alpha2 beta1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as reduction in cell adhesion to collagen type 1 incubated for 5 mins by DiOC6 dye based fluorescence microscopy
- ChEMBL_1977992 (CHEMBL4611127) Inhibition of recombinant full-length N-temrinal GST-tagged human PKC beta1 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using TMB as substrate incubated for 4.5 hrs by colorimetric analysis
- ChEMBL_1994472 (CHEMBL4628367) Inhibition of fibronectin binding to recombinant human integrin alpha5 (Phe42 to Tyr995 residues) beta1 (Gln21 to Asp728 residues) expressed in CHO cells by ELISA based solid phase binding assay
- ChEMBL_2094323 (CHEMBL4775586) Inhibition of human alpha-2,6-ST6GAL1 assessed as reduction in sialylated-product formation using Gal-beta1-4GlcNac and CMP-NeuSAc incubated for 15 mins by reverse-phase HPLC analysis
- ChEMBL_798361 (CHEMBL1943960) Displacement of Eu-labeled VCAM-1 from human VLA alpha4 beta1 expressed in CHO-K1 cells after 60 mins by time-resolved fluorometric analysis in presence of 3% HSA
- ChEMBL_1617813 (CHEMBL3859882) Activation of human recombinant AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RIPL using SAMS peptide after 10 mins in presence of [gamma33P]ATP by scintillation counting
- ChEMBL_1933762 (CHEMBL4479414) Inhibition of catalytic activity of constitutive proteasome 20s subunit beta1 in human Raji cells incubated for 1 hr by Cy5-NC-001 probe based competitive activity based protein profiling assay
- ChEMBL_1933768 (CHEMBL4479420) Inhibition of catalytic activity of constitutive proteasome 20s subunit beta1 in human RPMI8226 cells incubated for 1 hr by Cy5-NC-001 probe based competitive activity based protein profiling assay
- ChEMBL_2094322 (CHEMBL4775585) Inhibition of rat alpha-2,3-N-ST3GALIII assessed as reduction in sialylated-product formation using Gal-beta1-4Glc and CMP-NeuSAc incubated for 1.5 hrs by reverse-phase HPLC analysis
- ChEMBL_2237804 (CHEMBL5151700) Inhibition of human 20S immunoproteasome beta1 subunit using Ac-nLPnLD-AMC as substrate preincubated for 2 hrs followed by substrate addition and measured after 1 hr by fluorescence intensity assay
- ChEMBL_1547887 (CHEMBL3756814) Binding affinity to integrin alpha5/beta1 heterodimer in human K562 cells assessed as inhibition of integrin-mediated human K562 cell adhesion to fibronectin incubated for 30 mins in presence of MnCl2
- ChEMBL_1617787 (CHEMBL3859856) Activation of full length human recombinant AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells using SAMS peptide substrate after 30 mins in presence of [33P]ATP by TopCount analysis
- ChEMBL_1904320 (CHEMBL4406542) Agonist activity at RLuc8-fused Go-coupled human D3R expressed in HEK293 cells untagged beta1 and mVenus-tagged gamma2 measured after 5 mins in presence of coelenterazine H by BRET assay
- ChEMBL_2120648 (CHEMBL4829795) Activation of full length human sGC alpha1/beta1 subunit containing heme in ferric state expressed in Sf9 insect cells using cGMP as substrate incubated for 15 mins by [32P]GTP assay
- ChEMBL_952279 (CHEMBL2351585) Antagonist activity at human beta1 adrenoceptor expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as inhibition of cimaterol-induced [3H]cAMP accumulation incubated for 15 mins prior to cimaterol induction measured after 5 hrs
- ChEMBL_1849764 (CHEMBL4350305) Activation of human AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 expressed in baculovirus/Sf9 cells using SAMS peptide as substrate incubated for 15 mins by in presence of 33P-ATP by liquid scintillation counting method
- ChEMBL_1892570 (CHEMBL4394491) Inhibition of purified human 20S immunoproteasome beta1 subunit using Ac-Pro-Ala-Leu-AMC as substrate pretreated for 1 hr followed by substrate addition and measured at 1 min interval by fluorescence assay
- ChEMBL_1617799 (CHEMBL3859868) Activation of full length human recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 expressed in baculovirus infected High Five cells using NH2-HMRSAMSGLHLVKRR CONH2 substrate after 60 mins by ADP-Glo kinase assay
- ChEMBL_1849772 (CHEMBL4350313) Activation of C-terminal His tagged human recombinant full length AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using SAMS peptide as substrate incubated for 60 mins by ADP-Glo luminescence assay
- ChEMBL_1910968 (CHEMBL4413414) Inhibition of human peripheral blood derived 20s immunoproteasome beta1 caspase-like activity using Suc-PAL-AMC as substrate preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 60 mins by fluorescence assay
- ChEMBL_217307 (CHEMBL823928) Alpha4-beta1 integrin binding affinity was assessed by measuring the reduction in binding of [125I]VCAM-Ig to a suspension of Jurkat cells (a human T cell line alpha-4-beta-1-beta-7)
- Biological Assay Assays for the compounds reported below were conducted in 1536-well plates and 2 mL reactions are prepared from addition of HIS-TGFβR1 T204D or HIS-TGFβR2 WT, anti-HIS detection antibody, a labeled small molecule probe (Kd=<100 nM; koff=<0.001 s−1.) and test compounds in assay buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.015% Brij35, 4 mM DTT, and 0.05 mg/ml BSA). The reaction is incubated for 1 hour at room temperature and the HTRF signal was measured on an Envision plate reader (Ex: 340 nm; Em: 520 nm/495 nm). Inhibition data were calculated by comparison to no enzyme control reactions for 100% inhibition and vehicle-only reactions for 0% inhibition. The final concentration of reagents in the assay are 1 nM HIS-TGFβR1 T204D or HIS-TGFβR2 WT, 0.2 nM anti-HIS detection antibody, labeled small molecule probe (at Kd) and 0.5% DMSO. Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required inhibiting 50% of kinase activity (IC50). Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at eleven concentrations.
- Biological Assay Assays for the compounds reported below were conducted in 1536-well plates and 2 mL reactions are prepared from addition of HIS-TGF-βR1 T204D or HIS-TGF-βR2 WT, anti-HIS detection antibody, a labeled small molecule probe (Kd=<100 nM; koff=<0.001 s−1) and test compounds in assay buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.015% Brij35, 4 mM DTT, and 0.05 mg/ml BSA). The reaction is incubated for 1 hour at room temperature and the HTRF signal was measured on an Envision plate reader (Ex: 340 nm; Em: 520 nm/495 nm). Inhibition data were calculated by comparison to no enzyme control reactions for 100% inhibition and vehicle-only reactions for 0% inhibition. The final concentration of reagents in the assay are 1 nM HIS-TGF-βR1 T204D or HIS-TGF-βR2 WT, 0.2 nM anti-HIS detection antibody, labeled small molecule prode (at Kd) and 0.5% DMSO. Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required inhibiting 50% of kinase activity (IC50). Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at eleven concentrations.
- Biological Assay Assays for the compounds reported below were conducted in 1536-well plates and 2 mL reactions are prepared from addition of HIS-TGF-βR1 T204D or HIS-TGF-βR2 WT, anti-HIS detection antibody, a labeled small molecule probe (Kd=<100 nM; koff=<0.001 s−1) and test compounds in assay buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.015% Brij35, 4 mM DTT, and 0.05 mg/ml BSA). The reaction is incubated for 1 hour at room temperature and the HTRF signal was measured on an Envision plate reader (Ex: 340 nm; Em: 520 nm/495 nm). Inhibition data were calculated by comparison to no enzyme control reactions for 100% inhibition and vehicle-only reactions for 0% inhibition. The final concentration of reagents in the assay are 1 nM HIS-TGF-βR1 T204D or HIS-TGF-βR2 WT, 0.2 nM anti-HIS detection antibody, labeled small molecule prode (at Kd) and 0.5% DMSO. Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required inhibiting 50% of kinase activity (IC50). Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at eleven concentrations.
- Biological Assays Assays are conducted in 1536-well plates and 2 mL reactions are prepared from addition of HIS-TGFβR1 T204D or HIS-TGFβR2 WT, anti-HIS detection antibody, a labeled small molecule probe (Kd=<100 nM; koff=<0.001 s−1.) and test compounds in assay buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.015% Brij35, 4 mM DTT, and 0.05 mg/ml BSA). The reaction is incubated for 1 hour at room temperature and the HTRF signal was measured on an Envision plate reader (Ex: 340 nm; Em: 520 nm/495 nm). Inhibition data were calculated by comparison to no enzyme control reactions for 100% inhibition and vehicle-only reactions for 0% inhibition. The final concentration of reagents in the assay are 1 nM HIS-TGFβR1 T204D or HIS-TGFβR2 WT, 0.2 nM anti-HIS detection antibody, labeled small molecule probe (at Kd) and 0.5% DMSO. Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required inhibiting 50% of kinase activity (IC50). Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at eleven concentrations. IC50 values were derived by non-linear regression analysis.
- Biological Assays Assays are conducted in 1536-well plates and 2 mL reactions are prepared from addition of HIS-TGFβR1 T204D or HIS-TGFβR2 WT, anti-HIS detection antibody, a labeled small molecule probe (Kd=<100 nM; koff=<0.001 s−1.) and test compounds in assay buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.015% Brij35, 4 mM DTT, and 0.05 mg/ml BSA). The reaction is incubated for 1 hour at room temperature and the HTRF signal was measured on an Envision plate reader (Ex: 340 nm; Em: 520 nm/495 nm). Inhibition data were calculated by comparison to no enzyme control reactions for 100% inhibition and vehicle-only reactions for 0% inhibition. The final concentration of reagents in the assay are 1 nM HIS-TGFβR1 T204D or HIS-TGFβR2 WT, 0.2 nM anti-HIS detection antibody, labeled small molecule prode (at Kd) and 0.5% DMSO. Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required inhibiting 50% of kinase activity (IC50). Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at eleven concentrations. IC50 values were derived by non-linear regression analysis.
- ChEBML_1970468 Inhibition of recombinant full length GST/His-tagged human AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 expressed in insect cells using Ser/Thr-23 peptide as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by Z'-LYTE assay
- ChEMBL_1785061 (CHEMBL4256578) Inhibition of inactivated state of recombinant human NaV1.7 expressed in HEK293 cell membranes coexpressing Nav beta1 subunit assessed as decrease in sodium current amplitude at -60 mV holding potential by PX automated voltage clamp method
- ChEMBL_1785072 (CHEMBL4256589) Inhibition of inactivated state of recombinant human NaV1.1 expressed in HEK293 cell membranes coexpressing Nav beta1 subunit assessed as decrease in sodium current amplitude at -40 mV holding potential by PX automated voltage clamp method
- ChEMBL_1785073 (CHEMBL4256590) Inhibition of inactivated state of recombinant human NaV1.2 expressed in HEK293 cell membranes coexpressing Nav beta1 subunit assessed as decrease in sodium current amplitude at -35 mV holding potential by PX automated voltage clamp method
- ChEMBL_1785074 (CHEMBL4256591) Inhibition of inactivated state of recombinant human NaV1.5 expressed in HEK293 cell membranes coexpressing Nav beta1 subunit assessed as decrease in sodium current amplitude at -60 mV holding potential by PX automated voltage clamp method
- ChEMBL_1910966 (CHEMBL4413412) Inhibition of human hepatic cell derived 20s constitutive proteasome beta1 caspase-like activity using Suc-LLE-AMC as substrate preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 60 mins by fluorescence assay
- ChEBML_1970467 Inhibition of recombinant full length GST/His-tagged human AMPK alpha2/beta1/gamma1 expressed in baculovirus expression system using Ser/Thr-23 peptide as substrate incubated for 60 mins in presence of ATP by Z'-LYTE assay
- ChEMBL_1729091 (CHEMBL4144369) Activation of CaMKK2-phosphorylated AMPK1 alpha1/beta1/gamma1 (unknown origin) using fluorescein-labeled SAMS peptide as substrate pretreated for 30 mins in presence of AMP followed by substrate addition measured after 60 mins by fluorescence assay
- ChEMBL_1809515 (CHEMBL4308975) Activation of recombinant human AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-codon plus(DE3)-RIL using SAMS peptide as substrate after 10 mins in presence of gamma-[33]P-ATP by liquid scintillation counting method
- ChEMBL_1811417 (CHEMBL4310877) Inhibition of 20s constitutive proteasome beta1 caspase-like activity in human erythrocytes using Boc-Leu-Arg-Arg-MCA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 6 hrs by fluorescence assay
- ChEMBL_1895523 (CHEMBL4397558) Agonist activity at beta1-adrenergic receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells harboring Rluc2-117-GalphaS/GFP10-Ggamma/Gbeta1 assessed as activation of GalphaS incubated for 5 mins in presence of coelenterazine 400a by BRET assay
- ChEMBL_1612923 (CHEMBL3854723) Activation of recombinant human BAP-tagged AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 assessed as protection from Thr172 residue dephosphorylation preincubated for 15 mins followed by addition of PP2a for 60 mins and using okadaic acid by DELFIA protection assay
- ChEMBL_1785075 (CHEMBL4256592) Inhibition of inactivated state of recombinant human NaV1.6 expressed in HEK293 cell membranes coexpressing Nav beta1 subunit assessed as decrease in sodium current amplitude at -35 mV holding potential by QPatch-HT/Qube384 automated voltage clamp method
- ChEMBL_1895525 (CHEMBL4397560) Agonist activity at beta1-adrenergic receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells harboring GFP/Rluc2-tagged beta-arrestin2 assessed as increase in beta-arrestin2 recruitment incubated for 5 mins in presence of coelenterazine 400a by BRET assay
- Biological Assay Assays for the compounds reported below were conducted in 1536-well plates and 2 mL reactions are prepared from addition of HIS-TGF-βR1 T204D or HIS-TGF-βR2 WT, anti-HIS detection antibody, a labeled small molecule probe (Kd=<100 nM; koff=<0.001 s−1) and test compounds in assay buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.015% Brij35, 4 mM DTT, and 0.05 mg/ml BSA). The reaction is incubated for 1 hour at room temperature and the HTRF signal was measured on an Envision plate reader (Ex: 340 nm; Em: 520 nm/495 nm). Inhibition data were calculated by comparison to no enzyme control reactions for 100% inhibition and vehicle-only reactions for 0% inhibition. The final concentration of reagents in the assay are 1 nM HIS-TGF-βR1 T204D or HIS-TGF-βR2 WT, 0.2 nM anti-HIS detection antibody, labeled small molecule prode (at Kd) and 0.5% DMSO. Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required inhibiting 50% of kinase activity (IC50). Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at eleven concentrations. IC50 values were derived by non-linear regression analysis.
- ChEBML_1686862 Inhibition of recombinant rat Na+/K+-ATPase alpha1/beta1 expressed in baculovirus infected insect Sf9 cell membranes using [gamma-32P]ATP as substrate preincubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 30 mins by liquid scintillation counting
- ChEBML_1686864 Inhibition of recombinant rat Na+/K+-ATPase alpha2/beta1 expressed in baculovirus infected insect Sf9 cell membranes using [gamma-32P]ATP as substrate preincubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 30 mins by liquid scintillation counting
- ChEBML_1686865 Inhibition of recombinant rat Na+/K+-ATPase alpha3/beta1 expressed in baculovirus infected insect Sf9 cell membranes using [gamma-32P]ATP as substrate preincubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 30 mins by liquid scintillation counting
- ChEMBL_1617800 (CHEMBL3859869) Activation of human recombinant AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells assessed as increase in biotinylated AAC (1 to 120 residues) peptide phosphorylation at Ser-79 residue measured after 60 mins by Alphascreen assay
- ChEMBL_1617802 (CHEMBL3859871) Activation of human recombinant AMPK alpha2/beta1/gamma1 expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells assessed as increase in biotinylated AAC (1 to 120 residues) peptide phosphorylation at Ser-79 residue measured after 60 mins by Alphascreen assay
- ChEMBL_1686862 (CHEMBL4037341) Inhibition of recombinant rat Na+/K+-ATPase alpha1/beta1 expressed in baculovirus infected insect Sf9 cell membranes using [gamma-32P]ATP as substrate preincubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 30 mins by liquid scintillation counting
- ChEMBL_1772750 (CHEMBL4229742) Antagonist activity at recombinant human C5aR1 expressed in Sf9 insect cell membranes co-expressing G-alphai2,G-beta1 and G-gamma2 assessed as inhibition of recombinant human C5a-induced [35S]GTPgammaS binding after 60 mins by liquid scintillation spectrometry
- ChEMBL_1774536 (CHEMBL4231528) Antagonist activity at human beta1 adrenergic receptor expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing Galpha16 assessed as inhibition of isoproterenol-induced intercellular calcium mobilization pre-incubated for 10 mins before isoproterenol addition by Fluo-4AM dye-based fluorescence assay
- ChEMBL_1809516 (CHEMBL4308976) Activation of recombinant human AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 (unknown origin) using SAMS peptide as substrate preincubated for 20 mins followed by substrate and gamma-[32]P-ATP addition and measured after 30 mins by liquid scintillation counting method
- ChEMBL_1823057 (CHEMBL4322821) Binding affinity to recombinant human full-length GST N-Terminal tagged-AMPK alpha1/N-Terminal GST tagged-AMPK beta1/N-Terminal his-tagged AMPK gamma1 expressed in baculovirus expression system incubated for 1 hr by TR-FRET assay
- ChEMBL_1873766 (CHEMBL4375055) Antagonist activity at beta1 adrenergic receptor (unknown origin) stably expressed in HEK293 cell membranes assessed as inhibition of isoproterenol-induced cAMP production preincubated for 15 mins followed by isoproterenol addition and measured after 30 mins by TR-FRET assay
- ChEMBL_1895527 (CHEMBL4397562) Agonist activity at beta1-adrenergic receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells harboring GFP/Rluc2-tagged beta-arrestin2 assessed as increase in beta-arrestin2 recruitment incubated for 5 mins in presence of GRK2 and coelenterazine 400a by BRET assay
- ChEMBL_1895529 (CHEMBL4397564) Agonist activity at beta1-adrenergic receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells harboring GFP/Rluc2-tagged beta-arrestin2 assessed as increase in beta-arrestin2 recruitment incubated for 5 mins in presence of GRK5 and coelenterazine 400a by BRET assay
- ChEMBL_1908444 (CHEMBL4410802) Inhibition of caspase-like activity of beta1 subunit of 20S proteasome in human erythrocytes using Z-LLE-MCA as substrate preincubated with enzyme for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 3 hrs by fluorescence spectrophotometeric analysis
- ChEMBL_946846 (CHEMBL2345511) Inhibition of postacid activity of 20s proteasome beta-1 subunit in HEK293 cells using Z-nLPnLD-Glo as substrate incubated for 2 hrs prior to substrate addition measured after 10 mins by cell-based proteasome-Glo beta1 assay
- ChEMBL_1617780 (CHEMBL3859849) Activation of human recombinant AMPK beta1 expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells or baculovirus infected insect cells assessed as increase in biotinylated AAC (1 to 120 residues) peptide phosphorylation at Ser-79 residue measured after 60 mins by Alphascreen assay
- ChEMBL_1785065 (CHEMBL4256582) Inhibition of inactivated state of recombinant wild type human NaV1.7 expressed in HEK293 cell membranes coexpressing Nav beta1 subunit assessed as decrease in sodium current amplitude at -60 mV holding potential after 20 mins by Qube384 automated voltage clamp method
- ChEMBL_1785066 (CHEMBL4256583) Inhibition of inactivated state of recombinant human NaV1.7 Y1537A mutant expressed in HEK293 cell membranes coexpressing Nav beta1 subunit assessed as decrease in sodium current amplitude at -60 mV holding potential after 20 mins by Qube384 automated voltage clamp method
- ChEMBL_1785067 (CHEMBL4256584) Inhibition of inactivated state of recombinant human NaV1.7 R1602A mutant expressed in HEK293 cell membranes coexpressing Nav beta1 subunit assessed as decrease in sodium current amplitude at -60 mV holding potential after 20 mins by Qube384 automated voltage clamp method
- ChEMBL_1785068 (CHEMBL4256585) Inhibition of inactivated state of recombinant human NaV1.7 R1605A mutant expressed in HEK293 cell membranes coexpressing Nav beta1 subunit assessed as decrease in sodium current amplitude at -60 mV holding potential after 20 mins by Qube384 automated voltage clamp method
- ChEMBL_1785069 (CHEMBL4256586) Inhibition of inactivated state of recombinant human NaV1.7 R1608A mutant expressed in HEK293 cell membranes coexpressing Nav beta1 subunit assessed as decrease in sodium current amplitude at -60 mV holding potential after 20 mins by Qube384 automated voltage clamp method
- ChEMBL_1840720 (CHEMBL4341019) Agonist activity at Rluc-tagged MOR receptor (unknown origin) expressed in human SH-5YSY cells co-expressing RGFP-fused to Gbeta1 assessed as increase in MOR/G beta1 protein interaction incubated for 5 mins in presence of coelenterazine by BRET assay
- ChEMBL_1840722 (CHEMBL4341021) Agonist activity at Rluc-tagged DOR receptor (unknown origin) expressed in human SH-5YSY cells co-expressing RGFP-fused to Gbeta1 assessed as increase in DOR/G beta1 protein interaction incubated for 5 mins in presence of coelenterazine by BRET assay
- In-Vitro (Enzyme) Assay In-Vitro (Enzyme) Assay for Determination of the Efficacy of the Inhibitors of the Inhibition of TGF-Beta-Mediated EffectsAs an example, the ability of the inhibitors to eliminate TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition is tested.Cells of the lung epithelial cell line Mv1Lu are sown in a defined cell density in a 96-well microtitre plate and cultivated overnight under standard conditions. Next day, the medium is replaced by medium which comprises 0.5% of FCS and 1 ng/ml of TGF-beta, and the test substances are added in defined concentrations, generally in the form of dilution series with 5-fold steps. The concentration of the solvent DMSO is constant at 0.5%. After a further two days, Crystal Violet staining of the cells is carried out. After extraction of the Crystal Violet from the fixed cells, the absorption is measured spectrophotometrically at 550 nm. It can be used as a quantitative measure of the adherent cells present and thus of the cell proliferation during the culture.
- ChEBML_1686866 Inhibition of recombinant rat Na+/K+-ATPase alpha4/beta1 expressed in baculovirus infected insect Sf9 cell membranes using [gamma-32P]ATP as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 30 mins in presence of Na+, K+ and Mg2+ by liquid scintillation counting
- ChEMBL_1612919 (CHEMBL3854719) Activation of recombinant human AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 assessed as protection from Thr172 residue dephosphorylation preincubated for 15 mins followed by incubation with PP2a for 60 mins measured 60 mins post okadaic acid/SAMS peptide and [33P]ATP addition by liquid scintillation counting method
- ChEMBL_1617810 (CHEMBL3859879) Activation of human recombinant AMPK GST-tagged alpha1/Myc-tagged beta1/HA-tagged gamma1 expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells assessed as increase in SAMS peptide phosphorylation measured after 10 mins in presence of [gamma33P]ATP by scintillation counting method relative to control
- ChEMBL_1676476 (CHEMBL4026619) Agonist activity at human recombinant phosphorylated AMPK complex 7 alpha2/beta1/gamma1 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf21 cells assessed as phosphorylation of 5-FAM-labeled SAMS substrate preincubated for 30 mins in presence of AMPK activator followed by substrate addition measured after 60 mins
- ChEMBL_1676491 (CHEMBL4026634) Agonist activity at human recombinant phosphorylated AMPK complex 1 alpha1/beta1/gamma1 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf21 cells assessed as phosphorylation of 5-FAM-labeled SAMS substrate preincubated for 30 mins in presence of AMPK activator followed by substrate addition measured after 60 mins
- ChEMBL_1676492 (CHEMBL4026635) Agonist activity at human recombinant phosphorylated AMPK complex 2 alpha1/beta1/gamma2 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf21 cells assessed as phosphorylation of 5-FAM-labeled SAMS substrate preincubated for 30 mins in presence of AMPK activator followed by substrate addition measured after 60 mins
- ChEMBL_1676493 (CHEMBL4026636) Agonist activity at human recombinant phosphorylated AMPK complex 3 alpha1/beta1/gamma3 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf21 cells assessed as phosphorylation of 5-FAM-labeled SAMS substrate preincubated for 30 mins in presence of AMPK activator followed by substrate addition measured after 60 mins
- ChEMBL_1676497 (CHEMBL4026640) Agonist activity at human recombinant phosphorylated AMPK complex 8 alpha2/beta1/gamma2 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf21 cells assessed as phosphorylation of 5-FAM-labeled SAMS substrate preincubated for 30 mins in presence of AMPK activator followed by substrate addition measured after 60 mins
- ChEMBL_1676498 (CHEMBL4026641) Agonist activity at human recombinant phosphorylated AMPK complex 9 alpha2/beta1/gamma3 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf21 cells assessed as phosphorylation of 5-FAM-labeled SAMS substrate preincubated for 30 mins in presence of AMPK activator followed by substrate addition measured after 60 mins
- ChEMBL_1617782 (CHEMBL3859851) Activation of recombinant human His-tagged AMPK alpha2 (2 to 552 residues)/beta1 (2 to 270 residues)/gamma2 (2 to 569 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells preincubated for 30 mins followed by biotinylated ACC-CREBp peptide substrate addition measured after 45 mins by HTRF assay
- ChEMBL_1612909 (CHEMBL3854709) Activation of recombinant human AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 using Cy5-labelled SAMS as substrate assessed as protection from Thr172 residue dephosphorylation preincubated for 15 mins followed by incubation with PP2a for 60 mins measured 60 mins post okadaic acid/Cy5-labelled SAMS and ATP addition by TR-FRET assay
- ChEMBL_1612925 (CHEMBL3854725) Activation of recombinant human AMPK alpha2/beta1/gamma1 using Cy5-labelled SAMS as substrate assessed as protection from Thr172 residue dephosphorylation preincubated for 15 mins followed by incubation with PP2a for 60 mins measured 60 mins post okadaic acid/Cy5-labelled SAMS and ATP addition by TR-FRET assay
- ChEMBL_1612927 (CHEMBL3854727) Activation of recombinant rat AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 using Cy5-labelled SAMS as substrate assessed as protection from Thr172 residue dephosphorylation preincubated for 15 mins followed by incubation with PP2a for 60 mins measured 60 mins post okadaic acid/Cy5-labelled SAMS and ATP addition by TR-FRET assay
- In Vitro Enzymatic Activity Inhibition Test (TGFbetaR2) Experimental method: According to the instructions of ADP-Glo Kinase Detection Kit (Promega), the inhibitory effect of the compounds of the present invention on the enzymatic activity of TGFβR2 was determined, and the steps were as follows: TGFβR2 enzyme were pre-incubated with different concentrations of test compounds (1000 nM, 100 nM, 10 nM) at 30 C. for 30 min, myelin basic protein (MBP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were added to initiate the reaction. The incubation was performed at 30 C. for 3 h, followed by an addition of ADP-Glo reagent and incubated at room temperature for 90 min, kinase detection reagent was then added. The chemiluminescence signal values were detected after incubation at room temperature for another 30 min.
- ChEMBL_1617778 (CHEMBL3859847) Activation of full length human phosphorylated His-tagged AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RIPL using SAMS peptide substrate preincubated for 15 mins followed by PP2A addition for 90 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 60 mins in presence of [33P]ATP by scintillation counting method
- TGFβR1 Kinase Inhibition Assay TGFβR1 kinase assay was performed according to the instruction manual of the ADP-Glo Kinase Assay kit provided by Promega. Prepare 1× Kinase buffer (50 mM Tris pH7.5, 0.1% BSA, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT). Before activation reaction was started, Compounds were dissolved in DMSO and make 100× solution with 3-fold serial dilution for a total of 10 concentrations. Transfer 50 nL compounds to 384-well plate according to plate map using the automated liquid handler. Prepare enzyme mix containing 2× enzyme mix containing 40 nM TGFβR1 with 1× Kinase buffer, add 2.5 μL enzyme mix to 384-well plate and pre-incubate with compounds at RT for 10 minutes. Prepare 2× substrate mix containing 5.4 μM ATP 1× Kinase buffer and add 2.5 μL substrate mix to 384-well plate, react at RT for 120 min. Add 5 μL ADP-Glo Reagent to terminate the kinase reaction and deplete the remaining ATP, incubate at RT for 60 minutes. Add 10 μL Kinase Detection Reagent to convert ADP to ATP and allow the newly synthesized ATP to be measured using a luciferin reaction, incubate at RT for 30 minutes. Collect luminescence data with Envision.
- Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay for ALK2 and TGFbeta Activity In this reporter gene cell based ALK2 and TGFβ assay, the C2Cl2 cell line was employed for the measurement of ALK2 activity, using a BRE-Luc SMAD1/5/8 reporter and BMP6 as the agonist. The HEK293T cell line was employed to measure TGFβ activity, using a SBE-Luc SMAD2/3 reporter and TGFβ as the agonist. Luciferase reporter assays were read using Promega Steady-Glo Luciferase Assay System.Cells were plated in 96 well white clear bottom assay plates at 10 k cells/well for C2Cl2-BRE, 15 k cells/well for HEK293-SBE in DMEM containing 2% FBS 1% P/S. Cells were given a minimum of 4 hours in incubator at 37° C./5% CO2 to adhere prior to further treatment. Compounds were diluted in DMSO to a 10-point dilution curve and added to the plate to reach the following final concentrations: 10000, 3000, 1000, 300, 100, and 30 nM in the HEK293-SBE assay and 1000, 300, 100, 30, 10, 3, 1, 0.3 nM in the C2Cl2-BRE assay. Negative and positive control wells received 2 μL DMSO as vehicle treatment. Plates were returned to incubator for 45 minutes and then BMP6 and TGFB were added to a final concentration of 50 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, respectively. Plates were returned to the incubator and left overnight. After a minimum of 18 hours post BMP6/TGFβ addition, the plates were read using Promega Steady-Glo Luciferase Assay System. A 1:1 mixture of prepared steady-glo and phenol free DMEM was prepared, and 50 μL/well was added to the assay plates whose media had been flicked off. Plates were given 10 minutes post steady-glo addition before luminescence was read on a Spectramax M5e microplate reader. Negative control wells were averaged and subtracted from all other wells on the plate. Inhibition was calculated as the percent of signal loss compared to the averaged positive control wells.
- Adrenergic Receptor Binding Assay The study of binding to human adrenergic beta1 and beta2 receptors was performed using commercial membranes prepared from Sf9 cells where they are overexpressed (Perkin Elmer). The membrane suspensions (16 μg/well for beta1 and 5 μg/well for beta2) in assay buffer (75 mM Tris/HCl with 12.5 mM MgCl2 and 2 mM EDTA pH=7.4) were incubated with 0.14 or 0.6 nM of 3H-CGP12177 (Amersham) for beta 1 and beta 2 receptors respectively in a final volume of 250 μl, in GFC Multiscreen 96 well plates (Millipore) previously treated with assay buffer containing 0.3% PEI (Sigma). Non specific binding was measured in the presence of 1 μM propanolol. Incubation was maintained for 60 minutes at room temperature and with gentle shaking. The binding reactions were terminated by filtration and washing with 2.5 volumes of Tris/HCl 50 mM pH=7.4.
- Adrenergic Receptor Binding Assay The study of binding to human adrenergic beta1 and beta2 receptors was performed using commercial membranes prepared from Sf9 cells where they are overexpressed (Perkin Elmer). The membrane suspensions (16 ug/well for beta1 and 5 ug/well for beta2) in assay buffer (75 mM Tris/HCl with 12.5 mM MgCl2 and 2 mM EDTA pH=7.4) were incubated with 0.14 or 0.6 nM of 3H-CGP12177 (Amersham) for beta 1 and beta 2 receptors respectively in a final volume of 250 ul, in GFC Multiscreen 96 well plates (Millipore) previously treated with assay buffer containing 0.3% PEI (Sigma). Non specific binding was measured in the presence of 1 uM propanolol. Incubation was maintained for 60 minutes at room temperature and with gentle shaking. The binding reactions were terminated by filtration and washing with 2.5 volumes of Tris/HCl 50 mM pH=7.4.
- In vitro Assay The enzymatic activity of compounds of the present invention was monitored measuring the formation of ADP using the ADP-GLO Kinases assay. Following the incubation of the purified enzyme, a substrate and ATP, the produced ADP was converted into ATP, which in turn was converted into light by Ultra-Glo Luciferase. The luminescent signal positively correlated with ADP amount and kinase activity. Briefly, the kinase reaction was performed by incubating 2.6 nM of the purified, commercially available human ALK5 (recombinant TGF (31 N-term GST-tagged, 80-end), a final concentration of TGF(31 peptide 94.5 μM (Promega, T36-58) and ultra-pure ATP (Promega V915B). The ATP concentration was set at the Km value (concentration of substrate which permits the enzyme to achieve half maximal velocity (Vmax)) of ALK5 (5 μM). All reactions/incubations were performed at 25° C. Compound and ALK5 kinase were mixed and incubated for 15 mins. Reactions were initiated by addition of ATP at a final concentration in the assay of 0.8301 After an incubation of 150 min, the reaction was stopped, and ADP production detected with ADP-Glo kit according to manufacturer's indications.
- in vitro Kinase Assay Shown are the IC50s (concentrations causing 50% inhibition) of DM and the analogues for the in vitro kinase assays using the following purified human enzymes: the BMP type-I receptor activin receptor-like kinase 2 (ALK2/BMPR-I), the TGFβ type-I receptor activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5/ TGFβR-I), the VEGF type-2 receptor (VEGFR2/KDR), the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR β). In in vitro kinase assays, DM was relatively nonspecific, targeting ALK2, AMPK, and KDR with IC50s of <250 nM. LDN-193189 was slightly more selective but still had significant effects against ALK5 and KDR. By comparison, DMH1, DMH2, and DMH3 were much more selective ALK2 inhibitors. In particular, DMH1 had no detectible activity against any of the kinases tested besides ALK2. DMH4 was a selective KDR inhibitor with modest effect on ALK2 (IC50 3.6 uM) and minimal effect on AMPK (IC50 8.0 uM). Nonspecific kinase inhibitor staurosporine was used as a control. All of the reactions were carried out in the presence of 10 uM ATP.
- Binding Assay The study of binding to human adrenergic beta1 and beta2 receptors was performed using commercial membranes prepared from Sf9 cells where they are overexpressed (Perkin Elmer). The membrane suspensions (16 μg/well for beta1 and 5 μg/well for beta2) in assay buffer (75 mM Tris/HCl with 12.5 mM MgCl2 and 2 mM EDTA pH=7.4) were incubated with 0.14 or 0.6 nM of 3H-CGP12177 (Amersham) for beta 1 and beta 2 receptors respectively in a final volume of 250 μl, in GFC Multiscreen 96 well plates (Millipore) previously treated with assay buffer containing 0.3% PEI (Sigma). Non specific binding was measured in the presence of 1 μM propanolol. Incubation was maintained for 60 minutes at room temperature and with gentle shaking. The binding reactions were terminated by filtration and washing with 2.5 volumes of Tris/HCl 50 mM pH=7.4. The affinity of each test compound to the receptor was determined by using ten different concentrations ran in duplicate. IC50s were calculated using Activity Base software from IDBS and the four parameters-log equation.
- TGF-beta 1 Assay Compound Screening: Each compound was dissolved in DMSO as a 10 mM stock and used to prepare compound source plates. Serial dilution (1:2, 11-point dose-response curves from 10 μM to 1.87 nM) and compound transfer was performed using the ECHO 550 (Labcyte, Sunnyvale, Calif.) into 384-well clear bottom assay plates (Greiner Bio-One) with appropriate DMSO backfill for a final DMSO concentration of 0.1%. LL29 cells were plated at 1,500 cells/well in 80 μl/well F12 medium supplemented with 1% Fetal Bovine Serum. One hour after addition of the cells, TGF-β1 (Peprotech; 20 ng/mL) was added to the plates to induce fibrosis (ref. 1 and 2 above). Wells treated with TGF-β1 and containing DMSO were used as controls. Cells were incubated at 37° C. and 5% CO2 for 4 days. Following incubation for 4 days, SYTOX green nucleic acid stain (Life Technologies [Thermo Fisher Scientific]) was added to the wells at a final concentration of 1 uM and incubated at room temperature for 30 min. Cells were then fixed using 4% formaldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences), washed 3 times with PBS followed by blocking and permeabilization using 3% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA; Sigma) and 0.3% Triton X-100 (Sigma) in PBS. Cells were then stained with antibody specific to α-smooth muscle actin (aSMA; Abcam) (ref. 1 and 2 above) in 3% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA; Sigma) and 0.3% Triton X-100 (Sigma) in PBS, and incubated overnight at 4° C. Cells were then washed 3 times with PBS, followed by incubation with Alexa Flor-647 conjugated secondary antibody (Life Technologies [Thermo Fisher Scientific]) and DAPI at room temperature for 1 hour. Cells were then washed 3 times with PBS and plates were sealed for imaging. αSMA staining was imaged by excitation at 630 nm and emission at 665 nm and quantified using the Compartmental Analysis program on the CellInsight CX5 (Thermo Scientific). Dead or apoptotic cells were excluded from analysis based on positive SYTOX green staining. % of total cells positive for αSMA were counted in each well and normalized to the average of 11 wells treated with TGF-β1 on the same plate using Dotmatics' Studies Software. The normalized averages (fold change over untreated) of 3 replicate wells for each compound concentration were used to create dose-responses curves and EC50 values were calculated using non-linear regression curve fit in the Dotmatics' Studies Software.
- Enzymatic Activity Assay The enzymatic activity of compounds of the present invention was monitored measuring the formation of ADP using the ADP-GLO Kinases assay. Following the incubation of the purified enzyme, a substrate and ATP, the produced ADP was converted into ATP, which in turn was converted into light by Ultra-Glo Luciferase. The luminescent signal positively correlated with ADP amount and kinase activity. Briefly, the kinase reaction was performed by incubating 2.6 nM of the purified, commercially available human ALK5 (recombinant TGF β1 N-term GST-tagged, 80-end), a final concentration of TGFβ1 peptide 94.5 μM (Promega, T36-58) and ultra-pure ATP (Promega V915B). The ATP concentration was set at the Km value (concentration of substrate which permits the enzyme to achieve half maximal velocity (Vmax)) of ALK5 (5 μM). All reactions/incubations were performed at 25° C. Compound and ALK5 kinase were mixed and incubated for 15 mins. Reactions were initiated by addition of ATP at a final concentration in the assay of 0.83 μM. After an incubation of 150 min, the reaction was stopped, and ADP production detected with ADP-Glo kit according to manufacturer's indications. The assay was performed in 384-well format and was validated using a selection of reference compounds that was tested in 11 point concentration-response curve.
- In Vitro Assay The enzymatic activity of compounds of the present invention was monitored measuring the formation of ADP using the ADP-GLO Kinases assay. Following the incubation of the purified enzyme, a substrate and ATP, the produced ADP was converted into ATP, which in turn was converted into light by Ultra-Glo Luciferase. The luminescent signal positively correlated with ADP amount and kinase activity. Briefly, the kinase reaction was performed by incubating 2.6 nM of the purified, commercially available human ALK5 (recombinant TGF 31 N-term GST-tagged, 80-end), a final concentration of TGFβ1 peptide 94.5 μM (Promega, T36-58) and ultra-pure ATP (Promega V915B). The ATP concentration was set at the Km value (concentration of substrate which permits the enzyme to achieve half maximal velocity (Vmax)) of ALK5 (5 μM). All reactions/incubations were performed at 25° C. Compound and ALK5 kinase were mixed and incubated for 15 mins. Reactions were initiated by addition of ATP at a final concentration in the assay of 0.83p M. After an incubation of 150 min, the reaction was stopped, and ADP production detected with ADP-Glo kit according to manufacturer's indications. The assay was performed in 384-well format and was validated using a selection of reference compounds that was tested in 11 point concentration-response curve.
- Inhibition Assay TGFβRI kinase assay kit (V4093, Promega) was used to assay enzyme activity. 2 μl of enzyme solution (the final concentration of enzyme in the reaction system was 2 ng/μL) formulated with reaction buffer (40 mM Tris pH 7.5, 20 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mg/ml BSA), 1 μl of a 3-fold gradient dilution of the compounds dissolved in 5% DMSO, and 2 μl of a mixed solution of ATP and TGFβRI substrate peptide (the final concentration of ATP was 50 μM, and the final concentration of substrate was 0.2 μg/μL) were added successively to a 384-well plate (4514, Corning). After reaction at 27° C. for 2.5 hours, 5 μl of ADP-Glo solution in the kit was added to each well, then the plate was placed at 27° C. for 40 minutes. 10 μl of kinase assay reagent was then added to each well, then the plate was placed at 27° C. for 30 minutes. The chemiluminescence signal values were measured with a Victor 3 (PerkinElmer) multi-function microplate reader. The IC50 values of the compounds for enzyme inhibition were calculated using Graphpad prism software based on each concentration of the compound and the corresponding signal value thereof.
- Kinase Activity Assay TGFβRI kinase assay kit (V4093, Promega) was used to assay enzyme activity. 2 μl of enzyme solution (the final concentration of enzyme in the reaction system was 2 ng/μL) formulated with reaction buffer (40 mM Tris pH 7.5, 20 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mg/ml BSA), 1 μl of a 3-fold gradient dilution of the compounds dissolved in 5% DMSO, and 2 μl of a mixed solution of ATP and TGFβRI substrate peptide (the final concentration of ATP was 50 μM, and the final concentration of substrate was 0.2 μg/μL) were added successively to a 384-well plate (4514, Corning). After reaction at 27° C. for 2.5 hours, 5 μl of ADP-Glo solution in the kit was added to each well, then the plate was placed at 27° C. for 40 minutes. 10 μl of kinase assay reagent was then added to each well, then the plate was placed at 27° C. for 30 minutes. The chemiluminescence signal values were measured with a Victor 3 (PerkinElmer) multi-function microplate reader. The IC50 values of the compounds for enzyme inhibition were calculated using Graphpad prism software based on each concentration of the compound and the corresponding signal value thereof.
- Inhibition of fibrosis Each compound was dissolved in DMSO as a 10 mM stock and used to prepare compound source plates. Serial dilution (1:3, 8-point dose-response curves from 15 μM to 5 nM) and compound transfer was performed using the ECHO 550 (Labcyte, Sunnyvale, Calif.) into 384-well clear bottom assay plates (Greiner Bio-One) with appropriate DMSO backfill for a final DMSO concentration of 0.1%. LL29 cells were plated at 1,000 cells/well in 50 μl/well serum free F12 medium. One hour after addition of the cells, TGF-β1 (Peprotech; 10 ng/ml) was added to the plates to induce fibrosis (ref 1 and 2 above). Wells untreated with TGF-β1 were used as control for normalization and calculating IC50 values. Cells were incubated at 37° C. and 5% CO2 for 3 days. Cells were fixed using 4% formaldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences), washed 3 times with PBS followed by blocking and permeabilization using 3% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA; Sigma) and 0.3% Triton X-100 (Sigma) in PBS. Cells were then stained with antibody specific to α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA; Abcam) (ref. 1 and 2 above) in 3% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA; Sigma) and 0.3% Triton X-100 (Sigma) in PBS, and incubated overnight at 4° C. Cells were then washed 3 times with PBS, followed by incubation with Alexa Flor-647 conjugated secondary antibody (Life Tech) and DAPI at room temperature for 1 hour. Cells were then washed 3 times with PBS and plates were sealed for imaging. αSMA staining was imaged by excitation at 630 nm and emission at 665 nm and quantified using the Compartmental Analysis program on the CellInsight CX5 (Thermo Scientific). % of total cells positive for αSMA were counted in each well and normalized to the average of 8 wells treated with TGF-β1 on the same plate using Excel (Microsoft Inc.). The normalized averages (fold change over untreated) of 6 replicate wells for each compound concentration were used to create dose-responses curves and IC50 values were calculated using non-linear regression curve fit in Prism (GraphPad).
- Beta1-AR Binding Assay Beta1-AR binding was done on rat cortical membrane following a previously described procedure (Beer et al., Biochem. Pharmacol. 37: 1145-1151, 1988). In brief, male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-350 g were decapitated and their brains quickly removed. The cerebral cortices were dissected on ice, weighed and promptly transferred to a 50 ml test tube containing approximately 30 ml of 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.8 (at room temperature). The tissues were homogenized with a polytron and centrifuged at 20,000xg for 12 min at 4° C. The pellet was washed again in the same manner and resuspended at a concentration of 20 mg (original wet wt) per 1 ml in the assay buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM ascorbic acid at pH 7.8). To block the beta2 sites present in the cortical membrane preparation, 30 nM ICI 118-551 was also added to the assay buffer. To wells containing 100 ul of the test drug and 100 ul of [3H]CGP-12177 (1.4 nM final concentration), 0.8 ml of tissue homogenate was added. After 2 hours at 25° C., the incubation was terminated by rapid filtration. Nonspecific binding was determined by 10 uM propranolol.
- Binding Assay Microplates were coated with recombinant human integrin αVβ6 (2 μg/mL) in PBS (100 μL/well 25° C., overnight). The coating solution was removed, washed with wash buffer (0.05% Tween 20; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS). The plate was blocked with 200 μL/well of Block Buffer (1% BSA; 5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) at 37° C. for 2 h. Dilutions of testing compounds and recombinant TGFβ1 LAP (0.67 μg/mL) in binding buffer (0.05% BSA; 2.5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) were added. The plate was incubated for 2 hours at 25° C., washed, and incubated for 1 hour with Biotin-Anti-hLAP. Bound antibody was detected by peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin. The IC50 values for testing compounds were calculated by a four-parameter logistic regression.
- Binding Assay Microplates were coated with recombinant human integrin αvβ6 (2 ug/ml) in PBS (100 ul/well 25° C., overnight). The coating solution was removed, washed with wash buffer (0.05% Tween 20; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS). Plate was blocked with 200 ul/well of Block Buffer (1% BSA; 5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) at 37° C. for 2 h. Dilutions of testing compounds and recombinant TGFβ1 LAP (0.67 ug/ml) in binding buffer (0.05% BSA; 2.5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) were added. The plate was incubated for 2 hours at 25° C., washed, and incubated for 1 hour with Biotin-Anti-hLAP. Bound antibody was detected by peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin. The IC50 values for testing compounds were calculated by a four-parameter logistic regression.
- Solid Phase Integrin alphavbeta6 Binding Assay Microplates were coated with recombinant human integrin αvβ6 (2 ug/ml) in PBS (100 ul/well 25° C. overnight). The coating solution was removed, washed with wash buffer (0.05% Tween 20; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS). Plate was blocked with 200 ul/well of Block Buffer (1% BSA; 5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) at 37° C. for 2 h. Dilutions of testing compounds and recombinant TGFβ1 LAP (0.67 ug/ml) in binding buffer (0.05% BSA; 2.5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) were added. The plate was incubated for 2 hours at 25° C., washed, and incubated for 1 hour with Biotin-Anti-hLAP. Bound antibody was detected by peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin. The IC50 values for testing compounds were calculated by a four-parameter logistic regression.
- 3H-CGP 12177 Whole Cell Binding Assay The whole cell-binding studies were undertaken in CHO cell lines stably expressing each beta-adrenoceptor subtype. Nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of 100 nM CGP 20712A for the beta1-adrenoceptor, 100 nM ICI 118551 for the beta2-adrenoceptor, and 100 uM CGP 12177 for the beta3-adrenoceptor. Increasing concentrations of the competing ligand were used until the specific binding of 3H-CGP 12177 was completely inhibited. IC50 was determined as the concentration required to inhibit 50% of the specific binding. From the IC50 value and the known concentration of radioligand 3H-CGP 12177, a Kd (concentration at which half the receptors are bound by the competing ligand) value was calculated using a equation.
- Solid Phase Integrin αVβ6 Binding Assay Microplates were coated with recombinant human integrin αVβ6 (2 μg/mL) in PBS (100 μL/well 25 OC, overnight). The coating solution was removed, washed with wash buffer (0.05% Tween 20; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS). Plate was blocked with 200 μL/well of Block Buffer (1% BSA; 5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) at 37° C. for 2 h. Dilutions of testing compounds and recombinant TGFβ1 LAP (0.67 μg/mL) in binding buffer (0.05% BSA; 2.5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) were added. The plate was incubated for 2 hours at 25° C., washed, and incubated for 1 hour with Biotin-Anti-hLAP. Bound antibody was detected by peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin. The IC50 values for testing compounds were calculated by a four-parameter logistic regression.
- Solid Phase Integrin alphaVbeta6 Binding Assay Microplates were coated with recombinant human integrin αVβ6 (2 μg/mL) in PBS (100 μL/well 25° C., overnight). The coating solution was removed, washed with wash buffer (0.05% Tween 20; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS). The plate was blocked with 200 μL/well of Block Buffer (1% BSA; 5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) at 37° C. for 2 h. Dilutions of testing compounds and recombinant TGFβ1 LAP (0.67 μg/mL) in binding buffer (0.05% BSA; 2.5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) were added. The plate was incubated for 2 hours at 25° C., washed, and incubated for 1 hour with Biotin-Anti-hLAP. Bound antibody was detected by peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin. The IC50 values for testing compounds were calculated by a four-parameter logistic regression.
- Solid Phase Integrin alphav/beta6 Binding Assay (B-1) Microplates were coated with recombinant human integrin αvβ6 (2 μg/mL) in PBS (100 μL/well 25° C., overnight). The coating solution was removed, washed with wash buffer (0.05% Tween 20; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS). The plate was blocked with 200 μL/well of Block Buffer (1% BSA; 5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) at 37° C. for 2 h. Dilutions of testing compounds and recombinant TGFβ1 LAP (0.67 μg/mL) in binding buffer (0.05% BSA; 2.5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) were added. The plate was incubated for 2 hours at 25° C., washed, and incubated for 1 hour with Biotin-Anti-hLAP. Bound antibody was detected by peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin. The IC50 values for testing compounds were calculated by four-parameter logistic regression.
- Solid Phase Integrin alphavbeta6 Binding Assay Microplates were coated with recombinant human integrin αvβ6 (2 μg/mL) in PBS (100 μL/well 25° C., overnight). The coating solution was removed, washed with wash buffer (0.05% Tween 20; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS). The plate was blocked with 200 μL/well of Block Buffer (1% BSA; 5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) at 37° C. for 2 h. Dilutions of testing compounds and recombinant TGFβ1 LAP (0.67 μg/mL) in binding buffer (0.05% BSA; 2.5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) were added. The plate was incubated for 2 hours at 25° C., washed, and incubated for 1 hour with Biotin-Anti-hLAP. Bound antibody was detected by peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin. The IC50 values for testing compounds were calculated by a four-parameter logistic regression.
- In Vitro Kinase Assay - Inhibition of ALK1/2/3/4/5/6 Kinases Compound of the invention were screened in an in vitro kinase assay against several members of the TGFβ family of Ser/Thr kinases. The kinases tested were ALK1 (ACVRL1), ALK2 (ACVR1), ALK3 (BMPR1A), ALK4 (ACVR1B), ALK5 (TGFBR1), and ALK6 (BMPR1B). Standard kinase testing conditions and techniques were employed. For each case, specific kinase/substrate pairs along with required cofactors were prepared in reaction buffer. Compound of the invention were delivered into the reaction, followed 15-20 min later by addition of a mixture of ATP and 33P ATP to a final concentration of 10 μM. Reactions were carried out at RT for 120 min, followed by spotting of the reactions onto P81 ion exchange filter paper. Unbound phosphate was removed by extensive washing of filters in 0.75% phosphoric acid. Kinase activity data was expressed as the percent of remaining kinase activity in test samples compared to vehicle.
- In Vitro Kinase Assay - Inhibition of ALK1/2/3/4/5/6 Kinases Compound of the invention were screened in an in vitro kinase assay against several members of the TGFβ3 family of Ser/Thr kinases. The kinases tested were ALK1 (ACVRL1), ALK2 (ACVR1), ALK3 (BMPR1A), ALK4 (ACVR1B), ALK5 (TGFBR1), and ALK6 (BMPR1B). Standard kinase testing conditions and techniques were employed. For each case, specific kinase/substrate pairs along with required cofactors were prepared in reaction buffer. Compound of the invention were delivered into the reaction, followed 15-20 min later by addition of a mixture of ATP and 33P ATP to a final concentration of 10 μM. Reactions were carried out at RT for 120 min, followed by spotting of the reactions onto P81 ion exchange filter paper. Unbound phosphate was removed by extensive washing of filters in 0.75% phosphoric acid. Kinase activity data was expressed as the percent of remaining kinase activity in test samples compared to vehicle.
- In Vitro Kinase Assay Compound of the invention were screened in an in vitro kinase assay against several members of the TGFβ family of Ser/Thr kinases. The kinases tested were ALK1 (ACVRL1), ALK2 (ACVR1), ALK3 (BMPR1A), ALK4 (ACVR1B), ALK5 (TGFBR1), and ALK6 (BMPR1B). Standard kinase testing conditions and techniques were employed. For each case, specific kinase/substrate pairs along with required cofactors were prepared in reaction buffer. Compound of the invention were delivered into the reaction, followed 15-20 min later by addition of a mixture of ATP and 33P ATP to a final concentration of 10 μM. Reactions were carried out at RT for 120 min, followed by spotting of the reactions onto P81 ion exchange filter paper. Unbound phosphate was removed by extensive washing of filters in 0.75% phosphoric acid. Kinase activity data was expressed as the percent of remaining kinase activity in test samples compared to vehicle.
- Signal Transduction Inhibitory Assay The biological activity of a compound was determined by measuring the activation of Smad3/Smad4 complex which is a transcription factor showing activation induced by TGF-beta stimulation. That is, a reporter plasmid having a DNA sequence (CAGA sequence), which is activated by binding to Smad3/Smad4 complex, is linked to the upstream of the luciferase gene (luminescence enzyme) was prepared. Mink lung epithelial cells CCL64 (named as x9CAGA/CCL64 cells) stably incorporating this reporter plasmid were established. The x9CAGA/CCL64 cells were cultured in DMEM medium containing 10% FBS, penicillin (100 U/ml), streptomycin (100 g/ml), and blasticidin S (1 ug/ml). The x9CAGA/CCL64 cells were seeded in a 96 well plate at a concentration of 10000 cells/well, and cultured in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37C. The next day, the medium was changed to DMEM medium containing 0.2% FBS, and the test compound was added.
- In Vitro Kinase Assay Inhibition of ALK1/2/3/4/5/6 Kinases Compound of the invention were screened in an in vitro kinase assay against several members of the TGFβ family of Ser/Thr kinases. The kinases tested were ALK1 (ACVRL1), ALK2 (ACVR1), ALK3 (BMPR1A), ALK4 (ACVR1B), ALK5 (TGFBR1), and ALK6 (BMPR1B). Standard kinase testing conditions and techniques were employed. For each case, specific kinase/substrate pairs along with required cofactors were prepared in reaction buffer. Compound of the invention were delivered into the reaction, followed 15-20 min later by addition of a mixture of ATP and 33P ATP to a final concentration of 10 μM. Reactions were carried out at RT for 120 min, followed by spotting of the reactions onto P81 ion exchange filter paper. Unbound phosphate was removed by extensive washing of filters in 0.75% phosphoric acid. Kinase activity data was expressed as the percent of remaining kinase activity in test samples compared to vehicle. IC50 values were generated from activity values performed at multiple concentrations.
- Radioligand Binding Assay The detailed experimental protocols for the radioligand and functional receptor assays are available on the NIMH PDSP website at http://pdsp.med.unc.edu/UNC-CH %20Protocol %20Book.pdf. A. Serotonin receptors: 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1E, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, 5-HT5A, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7. Assay Buffer: Standard Binding Buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.4) Membrane Fraction Source: Transiently or stably transfected cell lines (e.g., HEK293, COS, CHO, NIH3T3). Protocol adapted from Roth et al. (1986), J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 238(2): 480-485; and Roth et al. (1994), J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 268(3): 1403-1410. Adrenergic Receptors: alpha1A, alpha1B, alpha2A, alpha2B, alpha2C, beta1, beta2, beta3 Assay Buffers: For alpha1 receptors, alpha1 Binding Buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, 145 mM NaCl, pH 7.4); for alpha2 receptors, alpha2 Binding Buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, 5 mM MgCl2, pH 7.7); for beta receptors.
- Solid Phase Integrin alphav/beta6 Binding Assay (B-2) A third series of exemplary compounds was selected for testing in the solid phase integrin αvβ6 binding assay. The compounds tested were compound samples prepared according to procedures described in the Synthetic Examples section, with the stereochemical purity as indicated in the Examples. As in Example B1, microplates were coated with recombinant human integrin αvβ6 (2 μg/mL) in PBS (100 μL/well 25° C., overnight). The coating solution was removed, washed with wash buffer (0.05% Tween 20; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS). The plate was blocked with 200 μL/well of Block Buffer (1% BSA; 5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) at 37° C. for 2 h. Dilutions of testing compounds and recombinant TGFβ1 LAP (0.67 μg/mL) in binding buffer (0.05% BSA; 2.5% sucrose; 0.5 mM MnCl2; in 1×TBS) were added. The plate was incubated for 2 hours at 25° C., washed, and incubated for 1 hour with Biotin-Anti-hLAP. Bound antibody was detected by peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin. The IC50 values for testing compounds were calculated by a four-parameter logistic regression.
- Tritiated Compound Binding to Membranes Isolated from Cells that Heterologous Express hNav1.7 and the beta1 Subunit Preparation of membranes containing recombinantly expressed sodium channels: Following the procedure described in Example 243A, and making modifications as required to: centrifuge supernatants at 100000×g instead of 10000×g; re-suspend pellets in a buffer containing 0.01% BSA in addition to 100 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4 buffer, and 1% v/v proteasome inhibitors; and storing membranes at −80° C. in single use aliquots instead of pooled.Radioligand Binding Studies: Saturation experiments: Following the procedure described in Example 243A, and making modifications as required to incubate [3H]compound for 3 hours instead of 18 hours.Competitive binding experiments: Following the procedure described in Example 243A, and making modifications as required to: perform binding experiments at room temperature for 3 hours instead of 18 hours; use 240 uL of solution and 300 pM of [3H]compound instead of 360 uL and 100 pM of [3H]compound; and wash filtered reactions 2 times instead of 5 times.Data Analysis: Following the procedure described in Example 243A.
- Human TH17 Cytokine Inhibition ELISA Assay Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were sourced from freshly prepared leukocyte enriched plasma (buffy coat) from healthy donors (New York Blood Center). PBMCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation using Ficoll-Paque PLUS (GE Healthcare). Human CD4+ T cells were seeded into 96-well plates (5×104 cells/well) and activated with plate-bound anti-human (h)-CD3 antibody and soluble h-aCD28 (both at 1 ug/ml; eBioscience) and differentiated into TH17 cells with 20 ng/mL h-IL-6, 5 ng/mL h-TGF-β1, 10 ng/mL h-IL-23 (eBioscience) and 10 ng/mL IL-1 β (Miltenyi Biotec) in serum-free TexMACS Medium (Miltenyi Biotec) supplemented with 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin (Lonza) for 3 days. CD4+ T cells propagated under TH17-polarizing conditions were cultured in the presence or absence of various concentrations of compounds with a final concentration of 0.1% DMSO. Supernatants were collected and stored at −20° C. until assayed for IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-21 levels by Ready-Set-Go ELISA kits (eBioscience) as per manufacturer's instructions. Endpoint absorbance was read at 450 nm using a microplate reader (Perkin Elmer). The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for representative compounds of the invention were determined by GraphPad Prism software.
- Binding Assay The biochemical potency of compounds was determined using a proximity-based assay (ALPHASCREEN , Perkin Elmer, Waltham, Mass.) as described previously (Ullman E F et al., Luminescent oxygen channeling immunoassay: Measurement of particle binding kinetics by chemiluminescence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 91, pp. 5426-5430, June 1994). To gauge the potency of inhibitors of binding to human integrin αvβ6, inhibitor compounds and integrin were incubated together with TGF-b1 LAP and biotinylated anti-LAP antibody plus acceptor and donor beads, following the manufacture's recommendations. The donor beads were coated with streptavidin. The acceptor beads had a nitrilotriacetic acid Ni chelator, for binding to a 6×His Tag on human integrin αvβ6. All incubations occurred at room temperatures in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 0.1% BSA supplemented with 1 mM each CaCl2 and MgCl2.The order of reagent addition was as follows:1. Alpha-v-beta-6 integrin, test inhibitor compound, LAP, biotinylated anti-LAP antibody and acceptor beads were all added together.2. After 2 hours, donor beads were added. After another 30 minute incubation, samples were then read.Integrin binding was evaluated by exciting donor beads at 680 nm, and measuring the fluorescent signal produced, between 520-620 nm, using a Biotek Instruments (Winooski, Vt., USA) SynergyNeo2 multimode plate reader.
- Human Th17 Assay The human Th17 assay tests the effect of RORγt modulatory compounds on IL-17 production by CD4 T cells under conditions which favor Th17 differentiation. Total CD4+ T cells were isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors using a CD4+ T cell isolation kit II, following the manufacturer's instructions (Miltenyi Biotec). Cells were resuspended in a medium of RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, penicillin, streptomycin, glutamate, and β-mercaptoethanol and were added to 96-well plates at 1.5×105 per 100 μL per well. 50 μL of compound at titrated concentrations in DMSO were added into each well at final DMSO concentration at 0.2%. Cells were incubated for 1 hour, then 50 μL of Th17 cell differentiation medium was added to each well. The final concentrations of antibodies and cytokines (R&D Systems) in differentiation medium were: 3×106/mL anti-CD3/CD28 beads (prepared using human T cell activation/expansion kit, Miltenyi Biotec), 10 μg/mL anti-IL4, 10 μg/mL anti-IFNγ, 10 ng/mL IL13, 10 ng/mL IL23, 50 ng/mL IL6, 3 ng/mL TGFβ and 20 U/mL IL2. Cells were cultured at 37° C. and 5% CO2 for 3 days. Supernatants were collected and the accumulated IL-17 in culture was measured by using MULTI-SPOT Cytokine Plate following manufacture's instruction (Meso Scale Discovery). The plate was read using Sector Imager 6000, and IL-17 concentration was extrapolated from the standard curve.
- Tritiated Compound Binding to Membranes Isolated from Cells that Heterologous Express hNav1.7 and the beta1 Subunit Heterologously Express hNav1.7 and the β1 SubunitPreparation of membranes containing recombinantly expressed sodium channels: Frozen recombinant cell pellets were thawed on ice and diluted to 4 times the cell pellet weight with ice cold 50 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4 buffer. The cell suspensions were homogenized on ice using a motorized glass dounce homogeniser. Homogenates were further diluted 8.4 times with ice cold 50 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4 buffer and then centrifuged at 200×g at 4° C. for 15 min. The supernatants were collected and centrifuged at 10000×g at 4° C. for 50 min. The pellets were then re-suspended in 100 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4 buffer containing 1% v/v protease inhibitors (Calbiochem) and re-homogenized on ice. The homogenized membranes were then processed through a syringe equipped with a 26 gauge needle. Protein concentrations were determined by Bradford Assay and the membranes were stored at −80° C.Radioligand Binding Studies:Saturation experiments. A competitive NaV1.7 inhibitor having a methyl group was tritiated. Three tritiums were incorporated in place of methyl hydrogens to generate [3H]compound. Binding of this radioligand was performed in 5 mL borosilicate glass test tubes at room temperature. Binding was initiated by adding membranes to increasing concentrations of [3H]compound in 100 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4 buffer containing 0.01% w/v bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 18 h. Non-specific binding was determined in the presence of 1 μM unlabeled compound. After 18 h, the reactants were filtered through GF/C glass fiber filters presoaked in 0.5% w/v polyethylene imine. Filters were washed with 15 mL ice cold 100 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris HCl, pH7.4 buffer containing 0.25% BSA to separate bound from free ligand. [3H]compound bound to filters was quantified by liquid scintillation counting.Competitive Binding Experiments:Binding reactions were performed in 96-well polypropylene plates at room temperature for 18 h. In 360 μL, membranes were incubated with 100 pM [3H]compound and increasing concentrations of Test Compound. Non-specific binding was defined in the presence of 1 μM unlabeled compound. Reactions were transferred and filtered through 96-well glass fiber/C filter plates presoaked with 0.5% polyethylene imine. The filtered reactions were washed 5 times with 200 μL ice cold buffer containing 0.25% BSA. Bound radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation counting.
- Tritiated Compound Binding to Membranes Isolated from Cells that Heterologously Express hNav1.7 and the beta1 Subunit Preparation of membranes containing recombinantly expressed sodium channels: Frozen recombinant cell pellets were thawed on ice and diluted to 4 times the cell pellet weight with ice cold 50 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4 buffer. The cell suspensions were homogenized on ice using a motorized glass dounce homogeniser. Homogenates were further diluted 8.4 times with ice cold 50 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4 buffer and then centrifuged at 200×g at 4° C. for 15 min. The supernatants were collected and centrifuged at 10000×g at 4° C. for 50 min. The pellets were then re-suspended in 100 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4 buffer containing 1% v/v protease inhibitors (Calbiochem) and re-homogenized on ice. The homogenized membranes were then processed through a syringe equipped with a 26 gauge needle. Protein concentrations were determined by Bradford Assay and the membranes were stored at −80° C.Radioligand Binding Studies: Saturation experiments. A competitive NaV1.7 inhibitor having a methyl group was tritiated. Three tritiums were incorporated in place of methyl hydrogens to generate [3H]compound. Binding of this radioligand was performed in 5 mL borosilicate glass test tubes at room temperature. Binding was initiated by adding membranes to increasing concentrations of [3H]compound in 100 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4 buffer containing 0.01% w/v bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 18h. Non-specific binding was determined in the presence of 1 μM unlabeled compound. After 18h, the reactants were filtered through GF/C glass fiber filters presoaked in 0.5% w/v polyethylene imine. Filters were washed with 15 mL ice cold 100 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris HCl, pH7.4 buffer containing 0.25% BSA to separate bound from free ligand. [3H]compound bound to filters was quantified by liquid scintillation counting.Competitive binding experiments: Binding reactions were performed in 96-well polypropylene plates at room temperature for 18h. In 360 μL, membranes were incubated with 100 pM [3H]compound and increasing concentrations of Test Compound. Non-specific binding was defined in the presence of 1 μM unlabeled compound. Reactions were transferred and filtered through 96-well glass fiber/C filter plates presoaked with 0.5% polyethylene imine. The filtered reactions were washed 5 times with 200 μL ice cold buffer containing 0.25% BSA. Bound radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation counting.Data Analysis: For saturation experiments, non-specific binding was subtracted from total binding to provide specific binding and these values were recalculated in terms of pmol ligand bound per mg protein. Saturation curves were constructed and dissociation constants were calculated using the single site ligand binding model: Beq=(Bmax*X)/(X+Kd), where Beq is the amount of ligand bound at equilibrium, Bmax is the maximum receptor density, Kd is the dissociation constant for the ligand, and X is the free ligand concentration. For competition studies percent inhibition was determined and IC50 values were calculated using a 4 parameter logistic model (% inhibition=(A+((B−A)/(1+((x/C){circumflex over ( )}D)))) using XLfit, where A and B are the maximal and minimum inhibition respectively, C is the IC50 concentration and D is the (Hill) slope.